SMOKELESS TOBACCO CESSATION--RURAL HIGH SCHOOL ATHLETES

无烟烟草(ST)在年轻人中的使用率正在上升 美国男性，尤其流行于居住在农村的人 地区和那些打棒球的人。用户通常会养成这个习惯，比如 长期使用会使他们面临患口腔癌的风险。那些 戒烟的人可以把它换成吸烟，把它放在 他们有患肺癌和其他癌症的风险。建议的目标是 研究将增加棒球运动中的ST停止和弃权率 运动员们在加州的农村高中上学。它将实施 并评估将使用牙科技术的基于团队的创新干预 医疗保健提供者和同行团队成员在其交付中。这个 基于认知社会学习理论和扩散理论的干预 创新理论，并应用公共卫生观点通过 接近他们的环境中的ST用户，并尝试改变社交 影响行为改变的规范。中国有30所农村高中 拥有棒球队的加利福尼亚州将被随机分配到 作为干预或作为对照。简而言之，干预将 由1小时的互动小组会议组成，供每个团队讨论 ST的有害影响和保全面子的方式拒绝它，一个强大的同行 支持行为改变和教育的意见领袖组件 为家长和教练提供会议，以获得他们的支持。此外，ST 用户将接受牙医的口试和戒烟建议， 戒烟自助指南，牙医行为咨询 卫生员，以及预防复发或处理失误的助推器课程。 具体目标是(1)为农村量身定做ST干预措施 高中棒球运动员通过进行结构化访谈和 农村运动员及其父母和教练员的焦点小组以及 在一所农村高中进行干预试点；(2)评估 农村高中学生使用科学技术的现状、模式及影响因素 棒球运动员通过对双方运动员的问卷调查 对学校进行干预和控制；(3)确定干预的效果 通过比较戒烟率、戒烟动机的变化和 干预结束和干预1和2时ST使用行为的变化 在干预后数年，以及(4)确定 与戒烟有关的农村高中棒球运动员 圣彼得堡。我们预计在这项研究中测试的干预措施将是 有效降低高中学生使用科学技术的流行率 并将适用于参与其中的其他运动员群体 高中和初中阶段的团队运动。

Use of smokeless tobacco (ST) is increasing in prevalence among young American males and is especially prevalent among those residing in rural areas and those who play baseball. Users typically take up the habit as adolescents, and long-term use puts them at risk of oral cancer. Those who give up the ST habit may exchange it for smoking cigarettes, putting them at risk of lung and other cancers. The goal of the proposed research is to increase ST cessation and abstention among baseball athletes attending rural high schools in California. It will implement and evaluate an innovative team-based intervention that will use dental health care providers and peer team members in its delivery. The intervention is based on Cognitive Social Learning Theory and Diffusion of Innovation Theory and applies a public health perspective by approaching ST users in their environment and attempting to change social norms to effect behavioral change. Thirty rural high schools in California with baseball teams will be randomized to receive the intervention or serve as controls. Briefly, the intervention will consist of a 1-hour interactive group session for each team to discuss harmful effects of ST and face-saving ways to refuse it, a strong peer opinion leader component to endorse behavioral change and an educational session for parents and coaches to gain their support. In addition, ST users will be offered an oral exam and cessation advice from a dentist, a self-help guide for quitting, behavioral counseling by a dental hygienist, and booster sessions to prevent relapse or deal with slips. The specific aims are (1) to tailor ST intervention components to rural high school baseball athletes by conducting structured interviews and focus groups among rural athletes and their parents and coaches and by pilot testing the intervention in a rural high school; (2) to assess the prevalence, patterns and correlates of ST use among rural high school baseball athletes via a questionnaire administered to athletes in both intervention and control schools; (3) to determine the efficacy of the intervention by comparing quit rates, changes in motivation to quit, and changes in ST use behavior at the end of the intervention and 1 and 2 years after the intervention, and (4) to identify the characteristics of rural high school baseball athletes that are associated with quitting use of ST. We expect that the intervention tested in this study will be effective in reducing the prevalence of use of ST among high school athletes and will be applicable to other groups of athletes involved in team sports at the high school and junior high school levels.