OCULAR DEVELOPMENT IN INFANCY/EARLY CHILDHOOD

出生后眼球生长最快的阶段是在第一个阶段 生命中的岁月。尽管人们对屈光的发展已经有了很多了解 婴儿期的错误，眼睛上几乎没有可用的生物识别数据 无论是在婴儿期还是在儿童期早期。婴儿的成长历程 折射和组件开发可以揭示这两个基本问题 眼部生长机制及其与青少年屈光不正的可能联系 错误。对鸡和灵长类动物模型的动物研究表明，眼睛 对屈光不正的符号和大小敏感，用眼睛 调整其增长率以减少这些误差。近期纵向 对婴儿屈光的研究发现，非屈光与 婴儿期和儿童期后期的睫状肌麻痹验光。纵向 婴儿期的屈光和生物特征数据将使检查成为可能 眼睛对初始屈光不正的反应 负责正视化，以及组件和屈光不正如何， 负责EMMEROPIZATION的成分，以及如何成分和 生命最初几年的屈光发育与眼睛有关 童年时期的成长。 伯克利婴儿生物测量学研究(BIBS)是一项为期五年的纵向研究 3个月至3岁婴幼儿眼部各成分的变化 好几年了。它的目标是确定年轻人的眼睛发生了什么变化 儿童在这一时期的变化以及这些变化如何适应 主动或被动的正规化。考试 婴儿的成分发育与初始屈光不正的关系 作为正视化程度的函数，将表明 屈光不正和正视化的基础成分。我们测量折射率 误差，包括散光，角膜曲率在两个子午线上，前部 腔深、晶状体厚度和表面曲率 子午线、玻璃体腔深度和轴向长度。我们将决定如何 眼轴长度、角膜曲率和晶状体的变化 在这个快速增长的阶段，曲率是协调的。我们会 调查哪些眼部部件--角膜或晶状体--负责 以前报道的婴儿期散光和早期散光消失 童年。

The most rapid phase of post-natal ocular growth occurs during the first years of life. Although much is known about the development of refractive error in infancy, there is little biometric data available on the ocular components during either infancy or early childhood. The course of infant refractive and component development can shed light on both basic mechanisms of eye growth as well as possible links with juvenile refractive error. Animal studies in chicken and primate models suggests that the eye is sensitive to the sign and magnitude of refractive error, with the eye adjusting its rate of growth to reduce these errors. Recent longitudinal studies of infant refraction have found associations between non- cycloplegic retinoscopy in infancy and in later childhood. Longitudinal refractive and biometric data from infancy will make it possible to examine the responsiveness of the eye to initial refractive error, the components responsible for emmetropization, and how component and refractive error, the components responsible for emmetropizatin, and how component and refractive development in the first years of life are related to ocular growth in childhood. The Berkely Infant Biometry Study (BIBS) is a five-year longitudinal study of the ocular components in infants and toddlers aged three months to three years. Its goal is to determine what changes occur in the eyes of young children during this time period and how these changes fit into a model of emmetropization that is either active or passive. Examination for component development in infants as a function of initial refractive error and as a function of the degree of emmetropization will indicate which components underlie ametropia and emmetropization. We measure refractive error, including astigmatism, corneal curvature in two meridians, anterior chamber depth, crystalline lens thickness and surface curvatures in two meridians, vitreous chamber depth, and axial length. We will determine how changes in the axial length, corneal curvature, and crystalline lens curvatures are coordinated during this rapid growth phase. We will investigate which ocular components-cornea or lens-are responsible for the previously reported astigmatism in infancy and its disappearance in early childhood.