AUDITORY PROCESSING OF UNCERTAIN STIMULI

不确定刺激的听觉处理

• 批准号: 2443593
• 负责人: Donna L Neff
• 金额: $ 12.24万
• 依托单位: FATHER FLANAGAN'S BOYS' HOME
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1990
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1990-12-01 至 2001-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2443593
• 关键词: attention; auditory discrimination; auditory stimulus; behavioral /social science research tag; clinical research; computational neuroscience; cues; human subject; model design /development; perceptual maskings; performance; psychoacoustics

DESCRIPTION: The long-term goal of this project is to understand the auditory processes that determine performance under conditions of stimulus uncertainty, that is, when one or more of the physical parameters of the sounds cannot be predicted. Stimulus uncertainty nearly always degrades performance, sometimes by several orders of magnitude. Previous work by this laboratory on effects of masker uncertainty, signal uncertainty, and combinations of signal and masker (context) uncertainty supports the hypothesis that relative stimulus variability is a major determinant of performance with uncertain stimuli. In the proposed studies, the first specific aim is to continue tests of whether stimuli with greater variability dominate performance, and to provide direct tests of the variability-based CoRe model of uncertainty effects. The four remaining specific aims examine higher-order, listener-based processes known to influence performance with complex stimuli. These aims will test: 1) whether manipulations that promote sound segregation reduce effects of frequency uncertainty; 2) whether general listening strategies differ across individuals and tasks; 3) whether listeners "weight" stimulus components of equal variability unequally, and whether non-optimal weights degrade performance; and 4) whether manipulations of listener expectations by instructions and payoff matrices can change performance. Experiments are grouped in four categories based on type of uncertainty and common measurement procedures: 1) studies of masker uncertainty using detections tasks; 2) studies of signal uncertainty using probe-signal tasks commonly used to assess higher-order processes; 3) studies of signal uncertainty using sample-discrimination tasks, in which relative stimulus variation can be easily quantified; and 4) studies of combined signal and context (masker) uncertainty using sample-discrimination tasks. Because stimulus uncertainty is inherent in everyday listening situations, these experiments will contribute to more realistic models of auditory processing that include important central processes, such as listener strategies and decision rules, as well as peripheral, stimulus-based processes.

描述：本项目的长期目标是了解 在刺激条件下决定表现的听觉过程 不确定性，也就是说，当一个或多个物理参数的 声音无法预测。 刺激措施的不确定性几乎总是会降低 性能，有时是几个数量级。 之前的工作 这个实验室的影响掩蔽不确定性，信号不确定性， 信号和掩蔽（上下文）不确定性的组合支持了 假设相对刺激可变性是一个主要的决定因素 不确定刺激的表现。 在研究中，第一 一个具体的目标是继续测试是否刺激更大 可变性主导性能，并提供直接测试 不确定性影响的基于变量的CoRe模型。 其余四 特定目标检查已知的高阶，基于生物标志物的过程， 用复杂的刺激来影响表现。 这些目标将测试：1） 促进声音隔离的操作是否减少了 频率的不确定性; 2）一般的听力策略是否不同， 个体和任务; 3）是否听众“重量”刺激成分 相等的可变性不相等，以及非最佳权重是否会降低 性能;和4）是否操纵听众的期望， 指令和回报矩阵可以改变性能。 实验 根据不确定性的类型和常见的 测量程序：1）使用探测器研究掩蔽物的不确定性 2）信号不确定性研究通常使用探测信号任务 用于评估高阶过程; 3）信号不确定性的研究 使用样本辨别任务，其中相对刺激变化可以 易于量化;和4）结合信号和背景（掩蔽物）的研究 不确定性使用样本辨别任务。 因为刺激的不确定性 在日常听力环境中，这些实验将 有助于更真实的听觉处理模型，包括 重要的核心过程，如听众策略和决策规则， 以及外围的、基于刺激的过程。