VULNERABILITY FACTORS AND ADOLESCENT DRINKING

这项建议是一项前瞻性纵向研究的第二阶段 两代人家庭中的酒精使用和其他问题行为 学习。研究的第一阶段包括一个四波面板的设计 1,000多名青少年和他们的主要照顾者 每隔六个月举行一次活动。第一个的主要焦点 阶段是用寿命发展的观点来指导假说 关于多重且相互作用的脆弱性或风险因素， 有助于青春期问题行为的发展。 问题行为包括外在化(如酒精和物质 使用、违法行为)和内在化(例如，抑郁症状， 自杀行为)领域，以及一系列易受攻击因素 测量(例如，酗酒家族史，儿童行为问题， 性情、家人/朋友的支持)。目前的提案寻求延长 这种关注角色的多变量发展风险范式 过渡期(例如，单身、学生就业)和精神疾病 青壮年的结局。青壮年通常被描述为 作为饮酒行为的不稳定性时期，具有显著的过渡性 影响饮酒和其他问题的事件(如结婚) 行为。与该项目的第一阶段类似，有多个 脆弱性因素和内部化和外部化问题 测量以促进关于替代发展路径的假说 对于青壮年的问题行为(例如，对于男性和女性， 对于从青春期开始和以后发病的累积问题饮酒者 酗酒者)。该项目这一阶段的一个扩展功能是 将母亲和父亲包括在同一多变量中 发展中的脆弱性因素/问题行为模型 青少年。这将有利于纵向研究相对 大量非临床家庭样本，并使正在进行的评估成为可能 父母与子女之间的代际和双向影响 年幼的成年子女。直接与父母和成年人面谈 儿童将被用于这一波测量，包括 精神障碍面谈。用于研究的数据分析程序 纵向关系将包括结构方程建模， 潜在增长曲线模型、对数线性模型和潜在类模型，以及 生存分析。

This proposal is the second phase of a prospective longitudinal study of alcohol use and other problem behaviors in a two-generational family study. The first phase of the study included a four-wave panel design of over 1,000 adolescents and their primary caregivers, with measurement occasions spaced at six-month intervals. The primary focus of the first phase was to use a lifespan developmental perspective to guide hypotheses about multiple and interacting vulnerability, or risk, factors that contribute to the development of problem behaviors across adolescence. Problem behaviors included both externalizing (e.g., alcohol and substance use, delinquent activity) and internalizing (e.g., depressive symptoms, suicidal behaviors) domains, and a range of vulnerability factors were measured (e.g., family history of alcoholism, childhood behavior problems, temperament, family/friend support). The current proposal seeks to extend this multivariate developmental risk paradigm with a focus on role transitions (e.g., single-married, student-employed) and psychiatric outcomes in young adulthood. Young adulthood has often been characterized as a period of instability of drinking behavior, with salient transitional events (e.g., getting married) impacting on drinking and other problem behaviors. Similar to the first phase of this project, multiple vulnerability factors and internalizing and externalizing problems will be measured to facilitate hypotheses about alternative developmental pathways to problem behaviors in young adulthood (for example, for men and women, for cumulative problem drinkers from adolescence onward and later onset problem drinkers). An expanded feature of this phase of the project is the inclusion of mothers and fathers within the same multivariate developmental vulnerability factor/problem behavior model as the adolescents. This will facilitate the longitudinal study of a relatively large nonclinical family sample, and enable the evaluation of ongoing intergenerational and bidirectional influences between parents and their young adult children. Direct interviews with parents and with adult children will be used for this wave of measurement, including a psychiatric disorder interview. Data analytic procedures used to study the longitudinal relations will include structural equation modeling, latent growth curve modeling, log-linear and latent class modeling, and survival analysis.