OLDEST-OLD MORTALITY FOR MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT FLIES

这个提议的项目的主要目标是解决关于 发病率和死亡率的性质及其相互关系 大比例尺蝇类模型系统。拟议中的项目将有助于制定 关于死亡率动态的基本问题，将作为一个模型 围绕老年人衰老和死亡率研究的实验系统 其他非人类可以被模式化，并将有助于了解 通过收集、分析和发表死亡率和发病率的生物学 使用在受控条件下饲养的大型果蝇队列的数据。 这个计划项目有四个最重要的具体目标 关于最老的死亡率。 1.确定不同年龄的时间表之间的关系 这两种蝇类至少有一百万只的死亡率和发病率 性别。这种关系将使用最优和 不太理想的环境条件，既有高产量，也有低产量 死亡率。这些结果将检验一种假设，即发病率 随着预期寿命的增加，税率会下降，并将提供 关于发病率和发病率的第一组详细的生物学数据 在非人类物种中的流行率。 2.测量和分析年龄别死亡率和生育率 男性和女性中仅存的0.1%的亚样的特征 一群总计1亿只的苍蝇。这将提供对 假设蜻蜓在最高年龄的死亡率 年龄最大的苍蝇保持着繁殖能力 使用比以前大两个数量级的基本总体 检查过了。 3.确定一生中发病率和死亡率的性别差异 当然是蜻蜓了。具体问题包括性别差距是否 苍蝇寿命随寿命的增加而增加或减少 以及男性之间的发病率是否相同 以及预期寿命低和高的雌性。 4.评估大规模队列中按性别和年龄分列的死亡率(1 百万只果蝇)，这是两种与粉蝇有亲缘关系的果蝇-- 墨西哥果蝇，Anastrepha ludens和西印度群岛果蝇， 斜纹夜蛾。这两个物种都是在麦德蝇饲养设施中大规模饲养的 在墨西哥的塔帕丘拉，因此很容易大量获得。这个 这些试验的结果将检验一种假说，即降低死亡率 高龄率并不是果蝇特有的现象。

The broad goal of this proposed project is to address questions about the nature of morbidity and mortality and their interrelationships using a large scale medfly model system. The proposed project will help frame basic questions about the dynamics of mortality, will serve as a model experimental system around which research on aging and mortality for other non-humans can be patterned and will contribute to knowledge of the biology of mortality and morbidity by gathering, analyzing and publishing data using large fruit fly cohorts raised under controlled conditions. There are four specific aims of prime interest to this program project on oldest-old mortality. 1. To determine the relationship between the age-specific schedules of mortality and morbidity in a minimum of once million medflies of both sexes. This relationship will be examined using both optimal and suboptimal environmental conditions to produce both high and low mortality rates. These results will test the hypothesis that morbidity rates decrease with increases in life expectancy and will provide the first detailed set of biological data on morbidity incidence and prevalence rates in a nonhuman species. 2. To measures and analyze age-specific mortality and reproductive traits of subsamples in the surviving 0.1% of both sexes starting with cohorts totaling 100 million medflies. This will provide a test of the hypotheses that mortality rates of medflies at the most advance ages remain low and that oldest old flies retain reproductive capabilities using a base population two orders of magnitude larger than previously examined. 3. To determine morbidity and mortality sex differentials over the life course of medflies. Specific questions include whether the gender gap increases or decreases with increasing life expectancies in medfly cohorts and whether the prevalence of morbidity is the same between males and females at low and high life expectancies. 4. To assess sex- and age-specific mortality rates in large cohorts (1 million flies) of two tephritid fruit fly species related to the medfly-- the Mexican fruit fly, Anastrepha ludens and the West Indian fruit fly, A. obliqua. Both species are mass-reared at the medfly rearing facility in Tapachula, Mexico and thus readily available in large numbers. The results of these trials will test hypothesis that slowing of mortality rates at advance ages is not unique to the medfly of Drosophila.