ENCODING TIME--DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF BEHAVIOR

我们的研究主要集中在机车的生产和控制上 七鳃鳗中的行为，目的是理解 系统级别。我们提出了三个方面的调查，其中两个是 以前开始的项目的延续，其中一个是新的： 一、脊髓中枢结构和功能的研究 模式发生器(CPG用于运动，特别是节段间 协调系统。我们将估计函数耦合强度 通过将随机模型与实验数据进行拟合，建立了CPG。抑制性 不同长度的浴缸将被用来研究 长连接与短连接的对比。弯曲表面产生的微扰 脊髓被用来帮助区分上升和 下行耦合。除了缠绕中央人民政府，弯曲(强迫) 在周期中引发缓慢衰减的减少；我们将搜索 在非强制数据中也有类似的缓慢过程。我们将推广理论上的 包括长距离和非长距离夹带的框架 相对相位耦合；从实验上讲，我们将确定 夹带范围随有效节段的数量而变化。 将使用中央人民政府的连接主义模型来探索 节段间相位滞后与长度和强度的关系 以及振荡器频率的空间变化。 我们将分析耦合的异质种群的模型 并探索异质性与 节段间协调。在新的实验战线上，我们将 探索使用光学染料记录大脑中的神经元组 CPG电路，以及识别新的协调类 神经元。 二、正常运动行为：大脑各部分的整合 身体来产生整个动物的游泳。这很大程度上是 上一个赠款周期开始继续开展工作。我们将探索 水在产生行波中的作用，感官的作用 模式上的输入，以及脑干和大脑之间的相互作用 脊髓。通过结合运动控制的所有这些方面， 我们正在努力使我们完全了解 脊椎动物的整个行为，以及 有机体和它的环境结合并相互作用来产生 行为。 三、发展和适应能力的纵向研究 七鳃鳗运动型CPG。这是实验室的一个新方向。这个 虚构的游泳所有大小的七鳃鳗幼体将可获得 记录，并估计各节段之间的耦合强度。如果 任何大小的脊髓的运动模式都表现得非常 与成人不同的是，新的随机模型将用于 估计值。此外，我们还将在各种测试下饲养动物进行测试 CPG的可塑性和适应性。

Our research focuses on the production and control of locomotor behavior in the lamprey, with the goal of understanding behavior at the systems level. We propose three areas of investigation, two are continuations of previously begun projects, and one is new: I. Investigation of the structure and function of the spinal central pattern generator (CPG for locomotion, especially the intersegmental coordinating system. We will estimate functional coupling strengths in the CPG by fitting stochastic models to experimental data. Inhibitory baths of varying lengths will be used to study the relative strength of long versus short connections. Perturbations produced by bending the spinal cord with be used to help distinguish between ascending and descending coupling. Besides entraining the CPG, bending (forcing) elicts a slowly-decaying decrease in cycle period; we will search for a similar slow process in unforced data. We will extend the theoretical framework for entrainment by including long distance and non- relative-phase coupling; experimentally, we will determine how entrainment ranges vary with the number of active segments. Connectionist models of the CPG will be used to explore the dependence of intersegmental phase lags on the lengths and strengths of connections as well as the spatial variation in oscillator frequencies. We will analyze models of coupled heterogeneous populations of bursting neurons and explore the relevance of heterogeneity to intersegmental coordination. On a new experimental front, we will explore the use of optical dyes to record from groups of neurons in the CPG circuit, as well as to identify new classes of coordinating neurons. II. Normal locomotor behavior: integration of the components of the body to produce whole animal swimming. This is largely a continuation of work begun the last grant cycle. We will explore the role of the water in producing the traveling wave, the role of sensory inputs on the pattern, and the interaction between the brainstem and spinal cord. By combining all of these aspects of locomotor control, we are working toward a complete understanding of the production of an entire behavior in a vertebrate, and how all the parts of the organism and its environment combine and interact to produce that behavior. III. Longitudinal studies of the development and adaptability of the lamprey locomotor CPG. This is a new direction for the lab. The fictive swimming all sized of larval lampreys obtainable will be recorded, and the coupling strength among the segments estimated. If the motor pattern of the spinal cords of any size behaves very differently from the adults, new stochastic models will be used for the estimations. Also, we will raise animals under a variety of test to test the plasticity and adaptability of the CPG.