VISUAL CODING AND THE DEPLOYMENT OF ATTENTION

视觉编码和注意力的部署

• 批准号: 2603861
• 负责人: ANNE MARIE TREISMAN
• 金额: $ 15.37万
• 依托单位: PRINCETON UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1998
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1998-08-15 至 2001-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2603861
• 关键词: attention; behavioral /social science research tag; clinical research; human subject; learning transfer; motion perception; neural information processing; performance; space perception; university student; visual perception; visual stimulus

DESCRIPTION (Applicant's Abstract): Attention modulates visual perception at many levels, beginning at least as early as extra-striate areas. This project distinguishes several modes of attentional deployment and explores their effects on visual coding. The earliest stages of processing probably operate automatically and in parallel; they are said to be "preattentive". They have only indirect effects on behavior, since all perception depends on some deployment of attention, whether focused on one item or spread globally over the whole scene. Feature integration theory (e.g., Treisman, 1993) proposed that preattentive processing results in a set of feature maps and in a master map of locations. In order to integrate the information in these separate representations, focused attention is required. When attention is spread globally to encompass areas containing more that one element, it makes available global boundaries, and general properties like the direction of illumination, or the slant of the terrain in the scene as a whole. The question arises what information is available, either explicitly or implicitly, about individual elements with each of these modes of attention. Various experimental paradigms will be used to explore the issue. The first study will compare the degree of interdependence, if any, of feature identification and feature localization when tested with global attention and with inattention. A series of experiments will explore whether the asymmetries of feature coding found in search tasks (Treisman & Gormican, 1988) are present only with global attention or whether they appear also in task requiring focused attention. Earlier studies have suggested course coding of feature dimensions at the preattentive level; an experiment will test whether this applies also to unattended stimuli. The dependence of binding errors on the number of instances of a given feature will test whether features are preattentively individuated. Several studies of statistical coding of multi-element display are proposed, to throw light on the information that is automatically extracted when attention is globally deployed. The cumulation of information from changing display will be tested in various search tasks. Implicit processing of high-load display will be tested through experiments of priming from "unseen" elements, on perceptual learning of feature and location contingencies in search, and on the effects of experience on the spontaneous control of attention. The goal in all these experiments is to increase our understanding of the effects of attention on visual processing.

描述（申请人的摘要）：注意力调节视觉感知 在许多层面上，至少早在纹外区域就开始了。 这 项目区分了几种注意力部署模式并探索 它们对视觉编码的影响。 处理的最早阶段可能是 自动并行运行；据说他们“很细心”。 它们仅对行为产生间接影响，因为所有感知都取决于 注意力的某种部署，无论是集中在一个项目上还是分散在全球范围内 覆盖整个场景。 特征整合理论（例如，Treisman，1993） 提出预先注意处理会产生一组特征图，并且 在位置主地图中。 为了将信息整合到 这些单独的表示，需要集中注意力。 什么时候 注意力分散到全球范围内，涵盖多个领域 元素，它提供可用的全局边界和一般属性，例如 照明方向或场景中地形的倾斜度 所有的。 问题是哪些信息是可用的，或者是明确的 或者隐含地，关于这些模式中的每一种的各个元素 注意力。 将使用各种实验范式来探索 问题。 第一项研究将比较相互依赖的程度（如果有的话） 全局测试时的特征识别和特征定位 注意力和不注意力。 一系列实验将探索 搜索任务中是否发现特征编码的不对称性（Treisman & Gormican, 1988）只在全球范围内引起关注，或者无论他们 也出现在需要集中注意力的任务中。 早期研究已 建议在前注意级别对特征维度进行课程编码；一个 实验将测试这是否也适用于无人参与的刺激。 这 绑定错误对给定特征的实例数量的依赖性 将测试特征是否被预先个性化。 多项研究 提出了多元素显示统计编码的方法，以阐明 注意力集中时自动提取的信息 全球部署。 改变显示的信息的累积将 在各种搜索任务中进行测试。 高负载显示的隐式处理 将通过“看不见的”元素引发的实验进行测试 搜索中特征和位置偶发事件的感知学习，以及 经验对注意力自发控制的影响。 目标 所有这些实验都是为了增加我们对影响的理解 注意视觉处理。