VISUAL CODING AND THE DEPLOYMENT OF ATTENTION

视觉编码和注意力的部署

• 批准号: 6186044
• 负责人: ANNE MARIE TREISMAN
• 金额: $ 17.81万
• 依托单位: PRINCETON UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1998
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1998-08-15 至 2002-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6186044
• 关键词: attention; behavioral /social science research tag; clinical research; human subject; learning transfer; motion perception; neural information processing; performance; space perception; university student; visual perception; visual stimulus

DESCRIPTION (Applicant's Abstract): Attention modulates visual perception at many levels, beginning at least as early as extra-striate areas. This project distinguishes several modes of attentional deployment and explores their effects on visual coding. The earliest stages of processing probably operate automatically and in parallel; they are said to be "preattentive". They have only indirect effects on behavior, since all perception depends on some deployment of attention, whether focused on one item or spread globally over the whole scene. Feature integration theory (e.g., Treisman, 1993) proposed that preattentive processing results in a set of feature maps and in a master map of locations. In order to integrate the information in these separate representations, focused attention is required. When attention is spread globally to encompass areas containing more that one element, it makes available global boundaries, and general properties like the direction of illumination, or the slant of the terrain in the scene as a whole. The question arises what information is available, either explicitly or implicitly, about individual elements with each of these modes of attention. Various experimental paradigms will be used to explore the issue. The first study will compare the degree of interdependence, if any, of feature identification and feature localization when tested with global attention and with inattention. A series of experiments will explore whether the asymmetries of feature coding found in search tasks (Treisman & Gormican, 1988) are present only with global attention or whether they appear also in task requiring focused attention. Earlier studies have suggested course coding of feature dimensions at the preattentive level; an experiment will test whether this applies also to unattended stimuli. The dependence of binding errors on the number of instances of a given feature will test whether features are preattentively individuated. Several studies of statistical coding of multi-element display are proposed, to throw light on the information that is automatically extracted when attention is globally deployed. The cumulation of information from changing display will be tested in various search tasks. Implicit processing of high-load display will be tested through experiments of priming from "unseen" elements, on perceptual learning of feature and location contingencies in search, and on the effects of experience on the spontaneous control of attention. The goal in all these experiments is to increase our understanding of the effects of attention on visual processing.

描述（申请人的摘要）：注意力调节视觉感知 在许多层面上，至少早在纹状体外区域就开始了。 这 项目区分注意力部署的几种模式，并探讨 对视觉编码的影响 加工的最早阶段可能 自动和并行地操作;他们被说成是“预先注意的”。 它们对行为只有间接的影响，因为所有的感知都取决于 一些注意力的部署，无论是集中在一个项目上还是分散在全球 在整个场景。 特征集成理论（例如，Treisman，1993年） 提出前注意处理导致一组特征图， 在主地图的位置。 为了将信息整合到 这些单独的陈述，需要集中注意力。 当 注意力在全球范围内传播， 元素，它提供了全局边界和常规属性，如 照明的方向，或场景中地形的倾斜度， 整体 问题是有哪些信息是可用的， 或隐含地，关于这些模式中的每一种的单独元素， 关注 各种实验范式将被用来探索 问题. 第一项研究将比较下列国家之间相互依存的程度，如果有的话： 使用全局测试时的特征识别和特征定位 注意和不注意。 一系列的实验将探索 在搜索任务中发现的特征编码的不对称性（Treisman & Gormican，1988年）仅与全球关注，或者他们是否 也出现在需要集中注意力的任务中。 早期的研究 在前注意水平的特征维度的建议课程编码; 实验将测试这是否也适用于无人看管的刺激。 的 绑定错误对给定特征的实例数的依赖性 将测试特征是否是预先个性化的。 几项研究 的统计编码的多元显示提出，投光 当注意力集中时， 全球部署。 从改变显示器累积的信息将 在各种搜索任务中进行测试。 高负荷显示的内隐处理 将通过从“看不见的”元素启动的实验进行测试， 在搜索中对特征和位置偶然性的感知学习，以及 经验对注意力自发控制的影响。 目标 在所有这些实验中， 注意视觉处理。