VISUAL CODING AND THE DEPLOYMENT OF ATTENTION

描述(申请人摘要)：注意力调节视觉感知 在许多层面上，至少在纹外区域就开始了。这 项目区分了几种注意力部署模式，并探索了 它们对视觉编码的影响。可能是加工的最早阶段 自动和并行操作；他们被称为“预先注意”。 它们对行为只有间接的影响，因为所有的感知都依赖于 一些注意力的部署，无论是集中在一个项目上还是分散到全球 在整个场景中。特征整合理论(如Treisman，1993) 提出了预先注意处理会产生一组特征映射和 在位置的主地图中。为了将信息集成到 这些独立的陈述，需要集中注意力。什么时候 注意力分散到全球，以涵盖包含不止一个的区域 元素，它使全局边界和常规属性可用，如 照明方向，或场景中地形的倾斜度 完整的。问题出现了，无论是明确的，还是可以获得的信息 或隐含地使用这些模式中的每一种来获取单个元素。 请注意。各种实验范式将被用来探索 问题。 第一项研究将比较相互依赖的程度，如果有的话， 在使用GLOBAL进行测试时的特征识别和特征定位 全神贯注和漫不经心。一系列实验将探索 在搜索任务中是否发现特征编码的不对称性(Treisman& 戈尔米坎，1988)只受到全球关注，或者他们是否 也出现在需要集中注意力的任务中。早期的研究表明 在注意前水平对特征维度进行建议的课程编码； 实验将测试这是否也适用于无人注意的刺激。这个 绑定错误对给定特征的实例数量的依赖性 将测试特征是否被预先注意到了个性化。几项研究 提出了一种多元素显示的统计编码方法，以抛砖引玉 关于注意力被自动提取的信息 全球部署。来自改变显示的信息的累积将 在各种搜索任务中进行测试。高负载显示的内隐处理 将通过“看不见的”元素的引爆实验进行测试，在 搜索中的特征和位置偶发事件的知觉学习等 经验对注意力自发控制的影响。目标是 在所有这些实验中都是为了增加我们对 注意视觉处理。

DESCRIPTION (Applicant's Abstract): Attention modulates visual perception at many levels, beginning at least as early as extra-striate areas. This project distinguishes several modes of attentional deployment and explores their effects on visual coding. The earliest stages of processing probably operate automatically and in parallel; they are said to be "preattentive". They have only indirect effects on behavior, since all perception depends on some deployment of attention, whether focused on one item or spread globally over the whole scene. Feature integration theory (e.g., Treisman, 1993) proposed that preattentive processing results in a set of feature maps and in a master map of locations. In order to integrate the information in these separate representations, focused attention is required. When attention is spread globally to encompass areas containing more that one element, it makes available global boundaries, and general properties like the direction of illumination, or the slant of the terrain in the scene as a whole. The question arises what information is available, either explicitly or implicitly, about individual elements with each of these modes of attention. Various experimental paradigms will be used to explore the issue. The first study will compare the degree of interdependence, if any, of feature identification and feature localization when tested with global attention and with inattention. A series of experiments will explore whether the asymmetries of feature coding found in search tasks (Treisman & Gormican, 1988) are present only with global attention or whether they appear also in task requiring focused attention. Earlier studies have suggested course coding of feature dimensions at the preattentive level; an experiment will test whether this applies also to unattended stimuli. The dependence of binding errors on the number of instances of a given feature will test whether features are preattentively individuated. Several studies of statistical coding of multi-element display are proposed, to throw light on the information that is automatically extracted when attention is globally deployed. The cumulation of information from changing display will be tested in various search tasks. Implicit processing of high-load display will be tested through experiments of priming from "unseen" elements, on perceptual learning of feature and location contingencies in search, and on the effects of experience on the spontaneous control of attention. The goal in all these experiments is to increase our understanding of the effects of attention on visual processing.