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Visual Coding and the Deployment of Attention

视觉编码和注意力的部署

基本信息

批准号：
7218595
负责人：
ANNE MARIE TREISMAN
金额：
$ 31.5万
依托单位：
PRINCETON UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
1998
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
1998-08-15 至 2009-06-30
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This proposal is to continue and extend the research begun on my previous grant on different modes of perceptual processing and their dependence on different ways of allocating attention. Attention can be set to select different aspects of the environment, ranging from the global registration of scene properties to the focused analysis of the local conjunctions of features that distinguish individual objects. In the global processing mode, studies of size judgements will include tests for implicit priming of the mean and for illusory representations of the population. Generalization to other dimensions such as color and orientation will be tested, as will various capacity limits inthis global processing mode. Focused attention in feature binding will be tested by varying the structural organization of the display, and testing the use of advance information in search. Some fMRI and TMS studies are also proposed to explore the brain areas involved in different aspects of the binding task, distinguishing spatial scanning, suppression of distractors and feature integration. Tests of a "re-entry" account of binding are also proposed. A third series of experiments explores the maintenance of binding in visual working memory. Experiments are proposed on the retention of object representations for short periods after they disappear, comparing the retention of features and of their bindings and exploring capacity limits and vulnerability to interference. Other studies will explore the relation between long term learning and visual memory to see whether and in what ways the dissociation between short and long term binding that we tentatively identified holds up in other tests. The last project analyses different components of control in switching attention between different attributes of an object - what could be called an "unbinding problem". It will use speeded classification paradigms to identify sources of interference and the components of control and to locate them in the brain through fMRI. Replies to the questions about visual attention and memory should help to determine the architecture of the systems underlying performance in many real world tasks, They may also provide some understanding of how they fail in normal people in conditions of overload, or in patients wtih brain injuries causing neglect or Balint's syndrome.

描述(由申请人提供)：这项建议是为了继续和扩展我在上一次拨款中开始的关于不同知觉处理模式及其对不同注意力分配方式的依赖的研究。可以将注意力设置为选择环境的不同方面，范围从场景属性的全局注册到对区分各个对象的特征的局部合取的聚焦分析。在全局加工模式中，对大小判断的研究将包括对平均值的隐式启动和对总体的虚幻表示的测试。将测试对其他维度的泛化，如颜色和方向，以及在这种全局处理模式中的各种容量限制。将通过改变显示的结构组织和测试搜索中提前信息的使用来测试特征绑定中的集中注意力。还提出了一些fMRI和TMS研究，以探索绑定任务的不同方面所涉及的大脑区域，区分空间扫描、干扰抑制和特征整合。对约束的“再入”解释的测试也被提出。第三个系列实验探讨了视觉工作记忆中捆绑的维持。提出了关于对象表征在消失后的短期保留的实验，比较了特征及其绑定的保留，并探索了容量限制和易受干扰的情况。其他研究将探索长期学习和视觉记忆之间的关系，看看我们初步确定的短期和长期绑定之间的分离是否以及以何种方式在其他测试中成立。最后一个项目分析了在一个物体的不同属性之间切换注意力时控制的不同组成部分--这可以被称为“解绑问题”。它将使用快速分类范例来识别干扰源和控制组件，并通过功能磁共振在大脑中定位它们。关于视觉注意力和记忆的问题的回答应该有助于确定在许多现实世界任务中潜在表现的系统的架构，它们也可能提供一些关于在超负荷条件下的正常人，或者在导致忽视或巴林特综合症的脑损伤患者中它们是如何失败的理解。