SITUATIONAL AND CONTEXTUAL FACTORS IN DRINKING PRACTICES

该研究科学家奖制定了 2 个研究议程。 他们有在 共同的总体目标是 (1) 预测饮酒模式/问题 跨越时间，（2）整合个人和社会层面的解释 饮酒模式/问题，(3) 系统地协调差异 跨研究和方法论的发现，以及 (4) 综合研究问题的发现。 第一个议程制定了原始研究综合的战略 来自多项治疗评估研究的数据来解决交叉研究 客户个人特征关联的异质性 接受酒精问题治疗 接受酒精问题治疗 结果。 Irs 的目标首先是确定同质性 （重复）多次酒精治疗随访结果 研究通过 (1) 不同研究之间的方法学差异，(2) 其他 个人客户级别特征，(3) 治疗特征， (4) 客户的群体层面特征，以及 (5) 数量和数量 对历史或时期效应影响的定性评估。 在 至少三个富含酒精的国家（包括美国） 问题治疗后续研究将持续 40 年 入选考试；将多个国家纳入其中将确保 长期的文化差异和包容性将确保 历史变化。 第二个议程纳入了协作组织的数据档案 最近有纵向数据的酒精相关纵向项目 Ludek Kubicka 博士在布拉格收集来调查两者之间的关系 捷克共和国的后极权主义社会变革与 研究综合中的人口饮酒行为。 一个时期 效果设计试图区分社会变革的影响 混杂因素（例如 个人层面的老龄化）和社会/经济/政治变化。 的 一般假设是，在从经济转型的早期阶段 社会主义经济的极权国家转向民主国家 自由市场经济，酒精消费/问题将会增加，因为 外部社会控制的放松和替代的滞后 通过民主形式的社会影响。 具体假设， 假设酒精消费量的变化伴随着某些变化 在个人的社会地位上，都会受到考验。 使用一项研究 综合方法，这种设计控制，不仅针对个人级别 比较多个纵向研究中的特征，而且 (a) 不同研究之间的方法差异以及 (b) 社会层面 可能与正在研究的影响相竞争的时期影响。

this Research Scientist Award develops 2 research agendas. They have in common the general aims of (1) prediction of drinking patterns/problems across time, (2) integrating individual and societal level explanations of drinking patterns/problems, (3) systematically reconciling differences in findings across research studies and methodologies, and (4) synthesizing findings for research questions. The first agenda develops a strategy for a research synthesis of the raw data from multiple treatment evaluation studies to resolve cross-study heterogeneity in the associations of personal characteristics of clients receiving alcohol problems treatment with alcohol problems treatment outcomes. Irs objectives are, first, determination of the homogeneity (replication) of results across multiple alcohol treatment followup studies by (1) methodological variations across studies, (2) other individual client-level characteristics, (3) treatment characteristics, (4) group-level characteristics of clients, and (5) both quantitative and qualitative assessment of historical or period effect influences. At least three countries ( the U.S. included) which are rich in alcohol problems treatment followup studies over a period of 40 years will be selected for examination; inclusion of multiple countries will insure cultural variation and inclusion over a long period of time will insure historical variation. The second agenda incorporates the data archive from the Collaborative Alcohol-Related Longitudinal Project with longitudinal data recently collected in Prague by Dr. Ludek Kubicka to investigate the relationship between post-totalitarian social change in the Czech Republic and the drinking behavior of its population in a research synthesis. A period effect design attempts to differentiate the effects of societal change on drinking behavior from the effects of confounding factors (such as aging on the individual level) and socio/economic/political change. The general hypothesis is that in early stages of the transition from a totalitarian state with a socialistic economy to a democratic state with a free-market economy, alcohol consumption/problems will increase due to the loosening of external social controls and a lag in their substitution by democratic forms of social influence. Specific hypotheses, postulating changes in alcohol consumption accompanying certain changes in the social positions of individuals, will be tested. Using a research synthesis approach, this design controls, not only for individual-level characteristics in the multiple longitudinal studies compared, but also (a) methodological differences across studies and (b) societal-level period effects which may compete with the effect under investigation.