SITUATIONAL AND CONTEXTUAL FACTORS IN DRINKING PRACTICES

该研究科学家奖制定了两项研究议程。 他们有 共同的一般目标是（1）预测饮酒模式/问题 （2）整合个人和社会层面的解释 饮酒模式/问题，（3）系统地调和差异 在研究和方法的发现中，以及（4） 综合研究问题的发现。 第一个议程制定了一项战略， 来自多项治疗评价研究的数据，以解决交叉研究 客户个人特征关联的异质性 接受酒精问题治疗酒精问题治疗 成果。 Irs的目标是，首先，确定均匀性 多种酒精治疗随访结果的（重复） （1）研究间的方法学差异，（2）其他 个体客户级特征，（3）治疗特征， (4)客户的群体水平特征，以及（5）定量和 历史或时期效应影响的定性评估。 在 至少有三个国家（包括美国）富含酒精 40年内的问题治疗随访研究将是 选择进行审查;包括多个国家将确保 长期的文化差异和包容将确保 历史变异 第二个议程纳入了来自协作数据库的数据档案， 酒精相关的纵向项目与纵向数据最近 Ludek Kubicka博士在布拉格收集的样本 捷克共和国的后极权主义社会变革与 在一项研究综合中，其人口的饮酒行为。 一段 效果设计试图区分社会变革的效果 影响饮酒行为的混杂因素（如 个人层面的老龄化）和社会/经济/政治变革。 的 一般的假设是，在从一个 从一个社会主义经济的极权国家到一个民主国家， 在自由市场经济中，酒精消费/问题将增加， 外部社会控制的放松和替代的滞后 民主形式的社会影响。 具体的假设， 假设酒精消费的变化伴随着某些变化 在个人的社会地位，将受到考验。 使用研究 综合的方法，本设计控制，不仅为个人层面 多项纵向研究中的特征比较，而且 (a)不同研究的方法差异和（B）社会层面 可能与研究中的效应竞争的周期效应。

this Research Scientist Award develops 2 research agendas. They have in common the general aims of (1) prediction of drinking patterns/problems across time, (2) integrating individual and societal level explanations of drinking patterns/problems, (3) systematically reconciling differences in findings across research studies and methodologies, and (4) synthesizing findings for research questions. The first agenda develops a strategy for a research synthesis of the raw data from multiple treatment evaluation studies to resolve cross-study heterogeneity in the associations of personal characteristics of clients receiving alcohol problems treatment with alcohol problems treatment outcomes. Irs objectives are, first, determination of the homogeneity (replication) of results across multiple alcohol treatment followup studies by (1) methodological variations across studies, (2) other individual client-level characteristics, (3) treatment characteristics, (4) group-level characteristics of clients, and (5) both quantitative and qualitative assessment of historical or period effect influences. At least three countries ( the U.S. included) which are rich in alcohol problems treatment followup studies over a period of 40 years will be selected for examination; inclusion of multiple countries will insure cultural variation and inclusion over a long period of time will insure historical variation. The second agenda incorporates the data archive from the Collaborative Alcohol-Related Longitudinal Project with longitudinal data recently collected in Prague by Dr. Ludek Kubicka to investigate the relationship between post-totalitarian social change in the Czech Republic and the drinking behavior of its population in a research synthesis. A period effect design attempts to differentiate the effects of societal change on drinking behavior from the effects of confounding factors (such as aging on the individual level) and socio/economic/political change. The general hypothesis is that in early stages of the transition from a totalitarian state with a socialistic economy to a democratic state with a free-market economy, alcohol consumption/problems will increase due to the loosening of external social controls and a lag in their substitution by democratic forms of social influence. Specific hypotheses, postulating changes in alcohol consumption accompanying certain changes in the social positions of individuals, will be tested. Using a research synthesis approach, this design controls, not only for individual-level characteristics in the multiple longitudinal studies compared, but also (a) methodological differences across studies and (b) societal-level period effects which may compete with the effect under investigation.