SITUATIONAL AND CONTEXTUAL FACTORS IN DRINKING PRACTICES

该研究科学家奖制定了两个研究议程。他们已经进入了 共同的总体目标：(1)预测饮酒模式/问题 跨越时间，(2)整合个人和社会层面的解释 饮酒模式/问题，(3)系统地调和分歧 在研究研究和方法方面的研究结果，以及(4) 为研究问题综合研究结果。 第一个议程为RAW的研究综合制定了一项战略 来自多个治疗评估研究的数据以解决交叉研究 客户个人特征关联性的异质性 在接受酒精问题治疗的同时接受酒精问题治疗 结果。IRS的目标是，第一，确定同质性 (重复)多次酒精治疗随访的结果 研究：(1)不同研究的方法差异，(2)其他 个人客户级特征，(3)治疗特征， (4)客户的群体特征；(5)数量和 对历史或时期效应影响的定性评估。在… 至少三个盛产酒精的国家(包括美国) 问题治疗的后续研究将在40年内完成 被选中进行审查；纳入多个国家将确保 长期的文化差异和包容将确保 历史上的变异。 第二个议程整合了来自Collaborative的数据归档 与酒精相关的纵向项目最近的纵向数据 由Ludek Kubicka博士在布拉格收集以调查两者之间的关系 在捷克共和国的后极权主义社会变革和 对其人群饮酒行为的研究综述。一段时间 效果设计试图区分社会变化的影响 从混杂因素的影响看饮酒行为 个人层面的老龄化)和社会/经济/政治变化。这个 一般的假设是，在从一个 社会主义经济的极权主义国家到民主国家的社会主义经济 自由市场经济，酒精消费/问题将增加，因为 外部社会控制的放松和替代的滞后 受民主形式的社会影响。具体的假设， 假设酒精消费的变化伴随着某些变化 在个人的社会地位上，将受到考验。利用一项研究 综合的方法，这种设计控制，不仅针对个人层面 在多项纵向研究的特点比较中，还 (A)不同研究的方法差异和(B)社会层面 可能与正在调查的效果相竞争的期间效果。

this Research Scientist Award develops 2 research agendas. They have in common the general aims of (1) prediction of drinking patterns/problems across time, (2) integrating individual and societal level explanations of drinking patterns/problems, (3) systematically reconciling differences in findings across research studies and methodologies, and (4) synthesizing findings for research questions. The first agenda develops a strategy for a research synthesis of the raw data from multiple treatment evaluation studies to resolve cross-study heterogeneity in the associations of personal characteristics of clients receiving alcohol problems treatment with alcohol problems treatment outcomes. Irs objectives are, first, determination of the homogeneity (replication) of results across multiple alcohol treatment followup studies by (1) methodological variations across studies, (2) other individual client-level characteristics, (3) treatment characteristics, (4) group-level characteristics of clients, and (5) both quantitative and qualitative assessment of historical or period effect influences. At least three countries ( the U.S. included) which are rich in alcohol problems treatment followup studies over a period of 40 years will be selected for examination; inclusion of multiple countries will insure cultural variation and inclusion over a long period of time will insure historical variation. The second agenda incorporates the data archive from the Collaborative Alcohol-Related Longitudinal Project with longitudinal data recently collected in Prague by Dr. Ludek Kubicka to investigate the relationship between post-totalitarian social change in the Czech Republic and the drinking behavior of its population in a research synthesis. A period effect design attempts to differentiate the effects of societal change on drinking behavior from the effects of confounding factors (such as aging on the individual level) and socio/economic/political change. The general hypothesis is that in early stages of the transition from a totalitarian state with a socialistic economy to a democratic state with a free-market economy, alcohol consumption/problems will increase due to the loosening of external social controls and a lag in their substitution by democratic forms of social influence. Specific hypotheses, postulating changes in alcohol consumption accompanying certain changes in the social positions of individuals, will be tested. Using a research synthesis approach, this design controls, not only for individual-level characteristics in the multiple longitudinal studies compared, but also (a) methodological differences across studies and (b) societal-level period effects which may compete with the effect under investigation.