NEURAL MECHANISMS OF CUTANEOUS SPATIAL INTEGRATION

皮肤空间整合的神经机制

• 批准号: 2655427
• 负责人: ESTHER P. GARDNER
• 金额: $ 42.38万
• 依托单位: NEW YORK UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1979
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1979-04-01 至 2002-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2655427
• 关键词: Primates; behavioral /social science research tag; clinical research; hand; human subject; neural information processing; parietal lobe /cortex; proprioception /kinesthesia; sensorimotor system; somesthesis; somesthetic sensory cortex; touch

DESCRIPTION (Adapted from the Investigator's Abstract): This project analyzes the role of neural networks in the cerebral cortex mediating the sensory function of the hand. It aims to understand how the hand acquires information through the sense of touch, and how sensory information about object size and shape guides the fingers in skilled tasks. The experiments investigate the neural mechanisms that mediate prehension: the ability to recognize and manipulate objects grasped in the hand. Neurophysiological recordings from single neurons and cortical ensembles in SI, SII and posterior parietal cortex measure the precise temporal relations between neural populations representing individual fingers at several stages of the cortical network to assess the functional significance of hierarchical and parallel processing. They evaluate the hypothesis that the brain uses sequential hierarchical and parallel distributed cortical networks in concert to compare the general features that classify an object grasped in the hand with its unique details. The experiments test important hypotheses concerning hand function: (1) Cortical representation of object size is an emergent property of hand use. (2) Population activity provides a better representation of object size and shape than the responses of individual neurons. (3) Tactile and proprioceptive inputs are bound together by synchrony of firing. (4) Hand movement enhances kinesthetic sensitivity. (5) Posterior parietal cortex encodes the spatial location of objects whereas the somatosensory areas of the lateral sulcus signal object form. Recordings made from populations of neurons distributed across the cerebral cortex will demonstrate how the brain integrates information from the fingers and from tactile and proprioceptive submodalities to form a unified percept of the grasped object. Synchronous measurement of the kinematics of hand movement and cortical electrophysiology will explain how the exploratory and manipulative procedures used to handle objects provide the sensory information necessary for fine motor control of the fingers and stereognostic appreciation of form. These studies will provide fundamental insights into the organization of cortical circuits, and the role of sequential hierarchical networks and parallel distributed processing in cortical function. The experimental paradigms will help define the neural basis of stereognosis, a major neurological test of hand function. They will provide novel and important neurophysiological data on sensorimotor integration in hand function, the tactile information processing capabilities of the cortex, the functional organization of different cytorarchitectural areas, and the temporal integration of spatial information within the cortex.

描述（改编自研究者摘要）：该项目 分析神经网络在大脑皮层介导的作用 手的感觉功能。 它的目的是了解手如何获得 通过触觉获取信息，以及感官信息如何 物体的大小和形状引导手指完成熟练的任务。 实验 研究介导抓握的神经机制： 识别并操纵手中抓握的物体。 神经生理学 SI、SII 和 SII 中单个神经元和皮质群的记录 后顶叶皮层测量之间的精确时间关系 代表各个手指在几个阶段的神经群体 皮质网络来评估层次和功能的功能意义 并行处理。 他们评估了大脑使用的假设 顺序分层和并行分布式皮质网络 音乐会比较对所掌握的对象进行分类的一般特征 具有独特细节的手。 实验检验了重要的假设 关于手部功能：（1）物体大小的皮层表征是 手的使用的新兴属性。 (2) 人口活动提供了更好的 物体大小和形状的表示比个人的反应 神经元。 (3) 触觉和本体感受输入通过以下方式结合在一起 射击的同步性。 (4)手部运动增强动觉敏感性。 (5) 后顶叶皮层编码物体的空间位置 而外侧沟的体感区域则信号物体形式。 由分布在大脑中的神经元群进行的记录 皮层将展示大脑如何整合来自大脑的信息 手指和触觉和本体感觉子模态形成一个统一的 对所抓握物体的知觉。 运动学的同步测量 手部运动和皮质电生理学将解释如何 用于处理物体的探索性和操纵性程序提供了 手指精细运动控制所需的感觉信息和 对形式的立体鉴赏。 这些研究将提供基础 深入了解皮质回路的组织及其作用 顺序分层网络和并行分布式处理 皮质功能。 实验范式将有助于定义神经网络 立体认知的基础，手部功能的主要神经学测试。 他们 将提供关于感觉运动的新颖且重要的神经生理学数据 集成手部功能，触觉信息处理 皮层的能力，不同功能的组织 细胞结构区域和空间的时间整合 皮质内的信息。