DEVELOPMENT OF ORIENTING TO AND MEMORY FOR NOVELS EVENTS

对新奇事件的定向力和记忆力的发展

• 批准号: 2746865
• 负责人: YAEL M CYCOWICZ
• 金额: $ 7.52万
• 依托单位: NEW YORK STATE PSYCHIATRIC INSTITUTE DBA RESEARCH FOUNDATION FOR MENTAL HYGIENE, INC
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1999-02-01 至 2001-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2746865
• 关键词: auditory stimulus; behavioral /social science research tag; behavioral habituation /sensitization; clinical research; developmental psychology; evoked potentials; human subject; memory; middle childhood (6-11); neural information processing; neuropsychological tests; orientation; stimulus /response; visual stimulus; young adult human (21-34)

DESCRIPTION (adapted from the applicant's abstract): Distinguishing between what is novel and what has already been experienced (or between degrees of novelty) is a fundamental process that enables one to appropriately react to stimuli in the environment. During the developmental years, when much new information is acquired, a mechanism that can quickly differentiate between the novel and the familiar is essential. Based on previous event-related brain potential (ERP) work, several different stages can be identified in the processing of novel stimuli as they become more familiar through repetition. First, when an unexpected stimulus is experienced, orienting occurs. Then, as the event becomes less novel through repetition, the orienting response habituates, indicating that some kind of memory trace has been formed. This memory trace allows the habituated event to be distinguished from other new events. In addition, future encounters with this, no longer novel, item will be facilitated. Orienting, habituation and memory processes have been measured physiologically and have been demonstrated to modulate brain activity. In order to investigate developmental trends in these processes, ERPs will be recorded from young children (ages 5-7), pre-adolescents (ages 10-12) and young adults (ages 20-25). One goal of the proposed research is to extend the findings from the auditory to the visual modality. Hence, visual novel events will be used in a visual novelty oddball task. Determining effects of stimulus familiarity on orienting and memory is another goal of the proposal that will be achieved by repeating two classes of novel stimuli, familiar and unfamiliar. Finally, an old/new recognition memory task will be employed to assess, behaviorally and physiologically, subjects' memory for novel visual events. ERPs will be recorded from 62 scalp sites to enable scalp distribution and current source density analyses, in order to determine whether orienting and memory processes and, by implication, their intracranial generators show age-related changes.

描述（改编自申请人的摘要）：区分 在什么是新的和什么是已经经历过的（或 新奇程度）是一个基本的过程，使人们能够 对环境中的刺激做出适当的反应。期间 发展年，当许多新的信息被收购，一种机制， 能迅速区分出新奇和熟悉的事物的 具有本质意义基于先前的事件相关脑电位（ERP）工作， 在处理新材料的过程中可以识别出几个不同的阶段， 刺激，因为他们通过重复变得更加熟悉。首先，当一个 经历了意想不到的刺激，定向发生。然后，作为事件 通过重复变得不那么新奇， 习惯，表明某种记忆痕迹已经形成。 这种记忆痕迹允许习惯化的事件与 其他新事件。此外，今后遇到这种情况，不再 新的，将促进项目。定向、习惯化与记忆 已经从生理学上测量了这些过程， 来调节大脑活动为了研究发展趋势， 在这些过程中，将从幼儿（年龄 5-7岁）、青春期前（10-12岁）和年轻人（20-25岁）。一 拟议研究的目标是将研究结果从 听觉到视觉模态。因此，将使用视觉小说事件 视觉新奇古怪的任务。确定刺激的效果 熟悉定向和记忆是该提案的另一个目标， 将通过重复两类新的刺激，熟悉的， 不熟悉最后，将采用旧/新再认记忆任务 从行为和生理上评估受试者对小说的记忆， 视觉事件。将记录62个头皮部位的ERP，以使头皮 分布和电流源密度分析，以确定 无论是定向和记忆过程， 颅内发电机显示出与年龄相关的变化。