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DEVELOPMENT OF ORIENTING TO AND MEMORY FOR NOVELS EVENTS

对新奇事件的定向力和记忆力的发展

基本信息

批准号：
6151175
负责人：
YAEL M CYCOWICZ
金额：
$ 7.73万
依托单位：
NEW YORK STATE PSYCHIATRIC INSTITUTE DBA RESEARCH FOUNDATION FOR MENTAL HYGIENE, INC
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
1999
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
1999-02-01 至 2002-01-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6151175
关键词：
auditory stimulus behavioral /social science research tag behavioral habituation /sensitization clinical research developmental psychology evoked potentials human subject memory middle childhood (6-11) neural information processing neuropsychological tests orientation stimulus /response visual stimulus young adult human (21-34)

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (adapted from the applicant's abstract): Distinguishing between what is novel and what has already been experienced (or between degrees of novelty) is a fundamental process that enables one to appropriately react to stimuli in the environment. During the developmental years, when much new information is acquired, a mechanism that can quickly differentiate between the novel and the familiar is essential. Based on previous event-related brain potential (ERP) work, several different stages can be identified in the processing of novel stimuli as they become more familiar through repetition. First, when an unexpected stimulus is experienced, orienting occurs. Then, as the event becomes less novel through repetition, the orienting response habituates, indicating that some kind of memory trace has been formed. This memory trace allows the habituated event to be distinguished from other new events. In addition, future encounters with this, no longer novel, item will be facilitated. Orienting, habituation and memory processes have been measured physiologically and have been demonstrated to modulate brain activity. In order to investigate developmental trends in these processes, ERPs will be recorded from young children (ages 5-7), pre-adolescents (ages 10-12) and young adults (ages 20-25). One goal of the proposed research is to extend the findings from the auditory to the visual modality. Hence, visual novel events will be used in a visual novelty oddball task. Determining effects of stimulus familiarity on orienting and memory is another goal of the proposal that will be achieved by repeating two classes of novel stimuli, familiar and unfamiliar. Finally, an old/new recognition memory task will be employed to assess, behaviorally and physiologically, subjects' memory for novel visual events. ERPs will be recorded from 62 scalp sites to enable scalp distribution and current source density analyses, in order to determine whether orienting and memory processes and, by implication, their intracranial generators show age-related changes.

描述(改编自申请人的摘要)：与众不同在新奇的东西和已经经历的东西之间(或在新颖度)是一个基本的过程，使一个人能够对环境中的刺激做出适当的反应。在.期间发展年，当获得许多新信息时，一种机制可以迅速区分小说和人们熟悉的必不可少的。基于先前的事件相关脑电位(ERP)工作，小说的加工过程可以分为几个不同的阶段当他们通过重复变得更加熟悉时，就会产生刺激。首先，当一个意想不到的刺激会发生，定向就会发生。那么随着事件的发生通过重复变得不那么新奇，定向反应习惯性，表明已经形成了某种记忆痕迹。此记忆跟踪允许将习惯性事件与其他新事件。此外，未来与此相遇，不再新奇，物品将被提供便利。定向、习惯化与记忆已经从生理上测量了过程，并进行了演示来调节大脑活动。为了调查发展趋势在这些过程中，将记录幼儿(年龄)的事件相关电位 5-7岁)、青少年前期(10-12岁)和青壮年(20-25岁)。一拟议研究的目标是扩大来自从听觉到视觉形态。因此，将使用视觉小说事件在一个视觉上新奇古怪的任务中。确定刺激措施的效果熟悉定向和记忆是该提案的另一个目标，即将通过重复两类新的刺激来实现，熟悉的和不熟悉。最后，将使用旧的/新的识别记忆任务从行为和生理两方面评估受试者对小说的记忆视觉事件。将从62个头皮部位记录ERP，以使头皮分布和电流源密度分析，以便确定无论定向和记忆过程，也就是它们的颅内发生器表现出与年龄相关的变化。