SMOKING WITHDRAWL EFFECTS ON ENERGY BALANCE

吸烟者的体重比不吸烟的人轻，通常会增加5-10磅 戒烟，但尼古丁影响身体的机制 重量仍不清楚。75名吸烟者将被随机分配 三组中的一组(根据限制进食进行分层 分数)：42毫克尼古丁替代品，21毫克尼古丁替代品，或 安慰剂。受试者将接受为期8周的经皮治疗， 密集的团体咨询，为期16周。静息代谢率 (RMR)、对食物的体温反应、戒断评分、三天饮食 记录、尼古丁/可替宁水平和活性将在 吸烟前通宵(12小时)量热法 停止，并在24小时热量测量课程一、四、八和 停药后16周。如果42毫克的尼古丁剂量足够 维持戒烟前的设定点，在戒烟后一周和四周- 戒烟42毫克组应该有更高的RMR和更低的卡路里摄入量 而不是其他组。21毫克组的体重应该比42毫克组的重 16周前的MG组。RMR的下降应该与 戒断严重程度增加，那些饮食受限的受试者 风格应该表现出最大的卡路里摄入量、体重和 RMR下降。除了提供两个强大的测试之外 理论(调控与效应者)，这项研究也有很大的 临床意义。通过以下地址识别吸烟者可能会有所帮助 体重增加的最大风险，并建议最佳策略 管理与戒烟有关的体重增加。作为对体重的恐惧 Gain阻止了许多吸烟者试图戒烟，这一信息可能 提供显著的健康益处。

Smokers weigh less than nonsmokers, and typically gain 5-10 pounds upon quitting smoking, yet the mechanisms by which nicotine influences body weight remain unclear. Seventy-five smokers will be randomly assigned to one of three groups (stratified on the basis of a restrained eating score): 42 mg nicotine replacement, 21 mg nicotine replacement, or placebo. Subjects will receive transdermal therapy for eight weeks and intensive group counseling for sixteen weeks. Resting metabolic rate (RMR), thermic response to food, withdrawal ratings, three-day dietary records, nicotine/cotinine levels, and activity will be assessed in an overnight (twelve hour) calorimetry session prior to smoking cessation, and in 24-hour calorimetry sessions one, four, eight and sixteen weeks post-cessation. If the 42 mg nicotine dose is sufficient to maintain pre-smoking cessation set-point, at one and four weeks post- quit the 42 mg group should have a higher RMR and lower caloric intake than the other groups. The 21 mg group should weigh more than the 42 mg group by week 16. Decline in RMR should be strongly associated with increased withdrawal severity, and those subjects with restrained eating styles should show the greatest increases in caloric intake, weight, and decline in RMR. In addition to providing a powerful test of two theories (regulatory versus effector), this research also has great clinical significance. It may help to identify those smokers at greatest risk for weight gain, and suggest optimal strategies for managing weight gain related to smoking cessation. As fear of weight gain deters many smokers from attempting to quit, this information could provide significant health benefits.