INFORMATION PROCESSING IN CHEMOSENSORY EXPERIENCE

这项建议的总体目标是了解一个人如何 接触化学物质的经历一方面与 暴露在挥发性环境中产生的感觉和生理信号 从另一方面讲，涉及到的心理过程 感知、记忆和判断。拟议中的研究旨在探讨这一点 目的：利用化学感觉的信息加工分析 感知作为一个统一的框架。这样的分析试图描述 个人如何处理、组合和解释主要的 来自化学感觉的(感觉)和二次(生理)信号 并了解某些变量，如个性 因素、注意和记忆提取策略与归因 倾向，会产生不同的反应。三个具体目标 建议研究的主要内容有：(1)考察选题的作用 产生反应差异的先行的、基于对象的因素 对于挥发性有机化合物(VOC)暴露，具体地说， 先前存在的倾向因素，如消极情感和 预先存在的加工结构或心理模型；(2)考察 情景因素在VOC响应变化中的作用 暴露，具体地说，教学操纵的角色，多- 任务处理，以及指导内容和方向的社交线索 在接触挥发性化合物时要注意；以及，(3)检查 与唤醒有关的归因(和错误归因)在 对VOC暴露产生变化，具体地说， 弥漫性唤醒倾向于偏见地归因于 挥发性有机化合物暴露。 这项研究将增加我们对人类基因变异的理解 化学感官感知。它对以下努力具有重要影响 减轻人们对室内和室内挥发性化合物的不良反应 室外空气，它可能对解决 女性对低水平化学品的不良反应发生率较高 曝光。结果还可以提供评估所需的信息 反应轨迹(即，感觉、生理、心理) 目前被提倡作为替代疗法的挥发物。

The overall goal of this proposal is to understand how an individual's experience of chemical exposure is related on the one hand to the sensory and physiological signals resulting from exposures to volatile compounds and on the other hand to psychological processes involved in perception, memory, and judgment. The proposed research pursue this goal by using an information-processing analysis of chemosensory perception as a unifying framework. Such an analysis seeks to describe how individuals process, combine, and interpret both the primary (sensory) and secondary (physiological) signals from chemosensory exposure and to understand how certain variables, such as personality factors, attentional and memory-retrieval strategies, and attributional tendencies, produce variations in the response. The three specific aims of the proposed research are: (1) to examine the role of selected antecedent, subject-based factors in producing variations in response to volatile organic compound (VOC) exposure, specifically, the roles of pre-existing dispositional factors such as negative affectivity and of pre-existing processing structures or mental models; (2) to examine the role of situational factors in producing variations in response to VOC exposures, specifically, the roles of instructional manipulation, multi- task processing, and social cues that guide the content and direction of attention during exposure to a volatile compound; and, (3) to examine the role of attributions (and misattributions) pertaining to arousal in producing variations in response to VOC exposure, specifically, the degree to which diffuse arousal tends to be prejudicially attributed to VOC exposure. The research will increase our understanding of the variation in human chemosensory perception. It has important implications for efforts to alleviate people's adverse responses to volatile compounds in indoor and outdoor air, and it may be of particular utility for addressing the higher incidence among women of adverse responses to low-level chemical exposures. The results can also provide information needed to evaluate the locus of responses (i.e., sensory, physiological, psychological) to volatiles that are currently advocated as alternative therapies.