INFORMATION PROCESSING IN CHEMOSENSORY EXPERIENCE

化学感官体验中的信息处理

• 批准号: 6176622
• 负责人: PAMELA HELEN DALTON
• 金额: $ 14.81万
• 依托单位: MONELL CHEMICAL SENSES CENTER
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1998
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1998-04-01 至 2002-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6176622
• 关键词: attention; human subject; memory; neural information processing; neurophysiology; olfactions; olfactory stimulus; personality; psychophysiology

The overall goal of this proposal is to understand how an individual's experience of chemical exposure is related on the one hand to the sensory and physiological signals resulting from exposures to volatile compounds and on the other hand to psychological processes involved in perception, memory, and judgment. The proposed research pursue this goal by using an information-processing analysis of chemosensory perception as a unifying framework. Such an analysis seeks to describe how individuals process, combine, and interpret both the primary (sensory) and secondary (physiological) signals from chemosensory exposure and to understand how certain variables, such as personality factors, attentional and memory-retrieval strategies, and attributional tendencies, produce variations in the response. The three specific aims of the proposed research are: (1) to examine the role of selected antecedent, subject-based factors in producing variations in response to volatile organic compound (VOC) exposure, specifically, the roles of pre-existing dispositional factors such as negative affectivity and of pre-existing processing structures or mental models; (2) to examine the role of situational factors in producing variations in response to VOC exposures, specifically, the roles of instructional manipulation, multi- task processing, and social cues that guide the content and direction of attention during exposure to a volatile compound; and, (3) to examine the role of attributions (and misattributions) pertaining to arousal in producing variations in response to VOC exposure, specifically, the degree to which diffuse arousal tends to be prejudicially attributed to VOC exposure. The research will increase our understanding of the variation in human chemosensory perception. It has important implications for efforts to alleviate people's adverse responses to volatile compounds in indoor and outdoor air, and it may be of particular utility for addressing the higher incidence among women of adverse responses to low-level chemical exposures. The results can also provide information needed to evaluate the locus of responses (i.e., sensory, physiological, psychological) to volatiles that are currently advocated as alternative therapies.

该提议的总体目标是了解一个人的 化学暴露的经验一方面与 暴露于挥发性的感觉和生理信号 另一方面，化合物以及涉及的心理过程 感知，记忆和判断。 拟议的研究追求这一点 通过使用化学感应的信息处理分析目标 感知是一个统一的框架。 这样的分析旨在描述 个人如何处理，结合和解释两个主要 （感觉）和次级（生理）信号 暴露并了解某些变量（例如个性）如何 因素，注意力和记忆回归策略以及归因 趋势，在响应中产生变化。三个特定目标 拟议的研究是：（1）检查选定的作用 产生反应变化的先例，基于主题的因素 挥发性有机化合物（VOC）暴露，特别是 现有的处置因素，例如负面情感和 预先存在的处理结构或心理模型； （2）检查 情境因素在响应VOC中产生变化中的作用 曝光，特别是教学操作的作用，多 任务处理以及指导内容和方向的社会提示 暴露于挥发性化合物期间的关注； （3）检查 与唤醒有关的归因（和错误归因）的作用 响应VOC暴露，特别是 弥漫性唤醒倾向于偏见的程度归因于 VOC暴露。 这项研究将增加我们对人类变异的理解 化学感知感。 这对努力具有重要意义 减轻人们对室内挥发性化合物的不利反应 户外空气，这可能是解决问题的 对低水平化学的不良反应的女性发生率更高 暴露。 结果还可以提供评估所需的信息 反应的基因座（即感觉，生理，心理学） 目前倡导作为替代疗法的挥发物。