PRODUCTION CHARACTERISTICS OF STUTTERERS FLUENT SPEECH

口吃者流利言语的产生特点

• 批准号: 2713209
• 负责人: Vincent L. Gracco
• 金额: $ 23.73万
• 依托单位: HASKINS LABORATORIES, INC.
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1997
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1997-06-01 至 2001-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2713209
• 关键词: behavioral /social science research tag; clinical research; electromyography; facial muscles; human subject; magnetic resonance imaging; psychomotor function; stuttering

DESCRIPTION: (Adapted From The Investigator's Abstract): Speech production is an integrative process in which intent is transformed in to action though a series of sensorimotor operations. For most individuals, the speech production process operates smoothly. For persons who stutter (PWS), this process intermittently breaks down. Dysfluencies in speech output, characterized by sound/syllable repetition and/or lengthening, or complete blocks of speech output, disrupt the normal spatial and temporal patterning of movement. The reason or reasons why this apparent maladaptive communicative behavior is manifest in the population, and persists into adulthood is currently unknown. A controversy in the literature is whether and how PWS differ from persons who do not stutter. One possibility is that the speech production system of PWS is not different from those of nonstuttering individuals and stuttering is the secondary characteristic of higher level impairment (cognitive, linguistic, psychological). Alternatively, the locus of the problem is in the speech motor control systems of PWS and the higher level processes interact with unstable output system causing a breakdown of fluent speech. We suggest, based on the available literature that both possibilities exists and further, that most previous attempts to resolve this issue have to limited in scope and technique as to render definitive conclusions premature. In the present proposal, we will examine the performance of stuttering individuals along a number of dimensions reflecting a sampling of cognitive, linguistic, and sensorimotor capabilities. The empirical techniques include the kinematic examination of articulator motion, electromyographic analysis of orofacial muscle activity, the examination of responses to mechanical and auditory disruptions during speaking, reaction times associated with increasing linguistic complexity and attentional demands, and functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging during language processing and production. The research focuses on both theoretical and practical issues in order to maximize the impact of the research on understanding the disorder. Many of the other investigations proposed will provide information on many of the important nervous system operations for communication and the manner in which they may be impaired in stuttering individuals. Other investigations will provide useful clinical information by describing the specific changes in speech production variables that accompany a number of clinical techniques known to reduce the frequency of stuttering. We also attempt to identify differences in movement variance functions preceding experimentally-induced stuttering episodes to determine if these episodes can be predicted from an examination of fluent speech. Once identified, such variables could be used to predict the onset of stuttering episodes and ultimately in treating the disorder.

描述：（改编自研究者的摘要）：语音生成 是一个将意图转化为行动的综合过程 一系列感觉运动操作。 对于大多数人来说，演讲 生产过程顺利进行。 对于口吃者 (PWS)，这 进程间歇性崩溃。 言语输出不流畅， 以声音/音节重复和/或延长或完整为特征 语音输出块，扰乱正常的空间和时间模式 的运动。 这种明显的适应不良的原因 交际行为在人群中很明显，并且持续到 成年程度目前未知。 文献中的一个争议是 以及 PWS 与不口吃的人有何不同。 一种可能性是 PWS 的语音产生系统与 不口吃的个体，口吃是第二个特征 更高程度的损伤（认知、语言、心理）。 或者，问题的根源在于言语运动控制 PWS 系统和更高级别的流程与不稳定的输出相互作用 系统导致流畅语音崩溃。 我们建议，基于 现有文献表明这两种可能性都存在，而且大多数 以前解决这个问题的尝试在范围和范围上都受到限制 过早得出明确结论的技术。 在现在 提案中，我们将沿着以下顺序检查口吃个体的表现 反映认知、语言和认知样本的维度数量 感觉运动能力。 经验技术包括运动学 咬合架运动检查、口面部肌电图分析 肌肉活动，检查对机械和听觉的反应 说话时出现中断，反应时间增加 语言复杂性和注意力需求以及功能磁力 语言处理和产生过程中的共振成像。 研究 注重理论和实践问题，以最大限度地提高 研究对理解这种疾病的影响。 许多其他 拟议的调查将提供许多重要问题的信息 用于沟通的神经系统操作及其可能的方式 口吃的人会受到损害。 其他调查将提供 通过描述言语的具体变化来提供有用的临床信息 伴随着许多已知的临床技术的生产变量 减少口吃的频率。 我们还尝试找出差异 在实验引起的口吃之前的运动方差函数中 以确定是否可以通过检查预测这些发作 的流利言语。 一旦确定，这些变量可用于预测 口吃发作以及最终治疗该疾病。