ACOUSTIC BEHAVIOR--NEURAL AND COMPARARTIVE BASES

声学行为——神经和比较基础

• 批准号: 2770173
• 负责人: RONALD R HOY
• 金额: $ 26.79万
• 依托单位: CORNELL UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1977
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1977-09-01 至 2002-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2770173
• 关键词: Diptera; afferent nerve; behavioral /social science research tag; ethology; gender difference; hearing; hearing tests; interneurons; neural information processing; psychoacoustics; sound perception; species difference; startle reaction; tympanum

The goal of this project is to understand the bioacoustic and neurobehavioral basis of acoustic communication in insects, and the mechanisms underlying sound localization. Insects have proved to be good model systems for studying auditory neurobiology and behavior. We will investigate the tympanal hearing organs of an acoustic parasitoid fly, Ormia ochracea, because this insect appears to have "invented," in the evolutionary sense, a novel way to detect the direction of a sound source. Laser vibrometry is used to study the fly~s tympanal mechanics. The fly's eardrums are a new type of directional receiver: their mechanical response to sound permits them to overcome the extremely small ineraural difference cues that result from their minuscule size compared to much longer wavelength of the 5 kHz stimulus, that the fly must detect and localize. Even so, because of the fly~s small size, the magnitude of interaural disparity cues that are processed by the CNS for sound localization is still limited. Therefore this research will be directed at uncovering the auditory processing that underlies time coding in the fly~s nervous system. The findings from this investigation could have potential health relatedness if a miniature microphone based on the Ormiine fly's ears could be produced. Such a device might be small enough to confer directionality to hearing aids. The well-known and widely investigated acoustic startle response (ASR) of mammals as many parallels with the ultrasound ASR of flying crickets. Behavioral and psychoacoustic studies have been performed that show that the ASR of crickets can serve as a model system to investigate mechanisms of auditory processing that are ordinarily studied in vertebrates, including mammals. These include the precedence effect, habituation, dishabituation, sensitization, and categorical perception. In the cricket, however, the neural basis underlying auditory processing is subserved by much simpler neural systems, and it is here presented as a model system in which to investigate the neural processing that underlies complex acoustic behavior.

该项目的目标是了解生物声学和 昆虫声音交流的神经行为基础，以及 声音定位的机制。 昆虫有 被证明是研究听觉的良好模型系统 神经生物学和行为。 我们将检查鼓膜 声寄生蝇 Ormia ochracea 的听觉器官， 因为这种昆虫似乎在进化过程中“发明”了 sense，一种检测声源方向的新颖方法。 激光振动测量用于研究果蝇的鼓膜力学。 苍蝇的耳膜是一种新型的定向接收器：它们的耳膜 对声音的机械反应使他们能够克服 极小的耳内差异线索，这是由于他们的 与更长的 5 kHz 波长相比，尺寸更小 苍蝇必须检测和定位的刺激。 即便如此，因为 苍蝇的小尺寸，耳间差异线索的大小 由中枢神经系统处理用于声音定位的仍然是 有限的。 因此，本研究将旨在揭示 听觉处理是果蝇神经时间编码的基础 系统。 这项调查的结果可能具有潜在的 如果基于 Ormiine 的微型麦克风与健康相关 可以产生苍蝇的耳朵。 这样的设备可能很小 足以赋予助听器方向性。 众所周知且广泛研究的声学惊吓反应 哺乳动物的 ASR（ASR）与超声波 ASR 有很多相似之处 飞的蟋蟀。 行为和心理声学研究 表明蟋蟀的 ASR 可以作为 研究听觉处理机制的模型系统 通常在脊椎动物（包括哺乳动物）中进行研究。 这些包括优先效应、习惯化、去习惯化、 敏化和分类知觉。 然而，在板球比赛中， 听觉处理的神经基础受到以下因素的促进 更简单的神经系统，这里以模型的形式呈现 用于研究其背后的神经处理的系统 复杂的声学行为。