REGULATION OF CYTOKINESIS IN BUDDING YEAST

芽殖酵母细胞分裂的调节

• 批准号: 2898371
• 负责人: RONG LI
• 金额: $ 24.96万
• 依托单位: HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1999-08-01 至 2003-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2898371
• 关键词: actins; cell cycle; cell cycle proteins; cytogenetics; fungal genetics; fungal proteins; immunocytochemistry; microorganism reproduction; myosins; protein localization; video microscopy; yeasts

Cytokinesis is a crucial step in mitotic cell division which is the basis for the growth and development of eukaryotic organisms as well as for pathological conditions such as cancer. Cytokinesis is also an important mechanism for the generation of embryonic asymmetry. Therefore, understanding the mechanism and regulation of cytokinesis is likely to have broad medical implications. In animal cells, cytokinesis is known to be dependent on an actomyosin-based contractile ring. Our long term goal is to understand the spatial and temporal regulation of contratile ring assembly and function. This knowledge could also facilitate studies of other actomyosin-dependent cellular processes, such as cell locomotion and purse-string wound healing. We have recently identified an actomyosin-based ring structure in budding yeast and demonstrated its critical function during cyokinesis. This finding provides a unique opportunity for studyinh this fundamental process using a combination of genetic, biochemical and video microscopy approaches in yeast. Specifically, Dr. Li will investigate the mechanism of actin and myosin II localization during contractile ring assembly, the regulation of actomyosin ring contraction, as well as the mechanism of ring disassembly during contraction. A second goal is to understand how cytokinesis is coordinated with anaphase spindle dynamics, because such coordination is important for the successful partitioning of genetic material to progeny cells. We have already identified several structural and signaling proteins that play crucial roles in the actomyosin ring activities, and checkpoint proteins that are likely to be important for the coordination of cytokinesis with other anaphase events. We will carry out further genetic and biochemical analysis to determine their mechanism of function. Because most of these proteins have mammalian homologs, our findings should facilitate studies of similar processes in other eukaryotic organisms.

胞质分裂是有丝分裂的关键步骤， 对于真核生物的生长和发育以及对于 病理状况，如癌症。胞质分裂也是一个重要的 胚胎不对称的产生机制。因此了解 胞质分裂的机制和调控可能具有广泛的医学意义 含义。在动物细胞中，已知胞质分裂依赖于细胞内的 肌动蛋白为基础的收缩环。我们的长期目标是了解 收缩环组装和功能的空间和时间调节。这 这些知识也可以促进对其他肌动球蛋白依赖性细胞的研究， 过程，如细胞运动和荷包伤口愈合。我们有 最近在芽殖酵母中发现了一种基于肌动球蛋白的环状结构， 证明了它在细胞分裂中的重要作用。这一发现提供了 研究这一基本过程的独特机会， 遗传、生物化学和视频显微镜方法。 具体来说，李博士将研究肌动蛋白和肌球蛋白II的机制 收缩环组装过程中的定位，肌动球蛋白的调节 环收缩，以及环解体的机制， 收缩。第二个目标是了解胞质分裂是如何与 后期纺锤体动力学，因为这种协调是重要的， 将遗传物质成功地分配给后代细胞。我们已经 确定了几种结构和信号蛋白，这些蛋白在 肌动球蛋白环的活动，和检查点蛋白，可能是 对于胞质分裂与其他后期事件的协调很重要。我们 将进行进一步的基因和生化分析，以确定他们的 功能机制。因为这些蛋白质中的大多数都有哺乳动物同源物， 我们的发现将促进其他真核生物中类似过程的研究。 有机体