Enhanced Frequency Response from a Liquid Air Energy Storage (LAES) plant

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Highview Power Storage is a UK based developer of energy storage systems which use liquid air as the energy storage medium. Liquid Air Energy Storage (LAES) systems, demonstrated for many years at pilot scale, will offer a bulk energy storage option that will add resilience and flexibility to the power network of the UK and to export markets around the world. LAES plants are built using established technology, sourced from a global mature supply chain, commonly found in the industrial gas and LNG sectors. A Pre Commercial Partial Demonstrator has been built at Pilsworth in Greater Manchester and is currently being commissioned. This system has received £8m in funding from DECC and the funds sought from Innovate UK for this proposed project will have additionality by converting the partial demonstrator into the world's first ever commercial scale full LAES system with rapid response capability. LAES systems function by using an electrically driven compressor based refrigeration system to condense air into a cryogenic fluid. The liquid air (LAIR) is stored in low pressure tanks until the system is required to discharge, at which point ambient (or waste) heat is applied and work is captured from the expanding gas in an expansion turbo generator (note that the generator is typically synchronous and as a result, naturally provides inertia to the system). Highview have developed a way to enhance the design of LAES systems in order to provide rapid enhanced frequency response services with future LAES plants. This project will explore a first of a kind deployment of their newly patented system innovations and ascertain the commercial benefit of entering future National Grid Enhanced Frequency Response tenders, in addition to the demand for similar services and faster response times in general around the world.