Allostatic load, Response to discrimination stress, Discrimination Exposure frequency, and social Network structure and function (ARDEN)

动态负荷、对歧视压力的反应、歧视暴露频率以及社交网络结构和功能 (ARDEN)

• 批准号: 10374350
• 负责人: Arthur Andrews
• 金额: $ 60.29万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA LINCOLN
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-03-15 至 2025-12-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10374350
• 关键词: Address; Adrenal Glands; Affect; Attenuated; Biological Markers; Black race; Bluetooth; Buffers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Chronic; Chronic Disease; Chronic stress; Cities; Data; Data Reporting; Detection; Disadvantaged; Discrimination; Disease Outcome; Exposure to; Frequencies; Goals; Health; Health Benefit; Hispanic; Hispanic Populations; Hypothalamic structure; Immigrant; Individual; Inflammation; Intervention; Interview; Knowledge; Life; Life Expectancy; Link; Measures; Mental Health; Modeling; National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities; Network-based; Outcome; Participant; Pathway Analysis; Patient Self-Report; Persons; Phase; Pituitary Gland; Population; Prevalence; Protocols documentation; Recovery; Recurrence; Regulation; Reporting; Research; Respondent; Risk; Sampling; Science; Social Environment; Social Network; Social support; Standardization; Stress; Structural Models; Structure; System; Technology; Testing; Weather; Work; acute stress; allostasis; allostatic load; biological adaptation to stress; cardiometabolism; contagion; design; diaries; experience; health disparity; health inequalities; insight; new technology; novel; novel strategies; perceived discrimination; psychosocial; recruit; resilience; response; social; social relationships; standardize measure; stress reactivity; stressor; support network; theories

ABSTRACT The current proposal seeks to rigorously test how interpersonal discrimination contributes to acute and chronic stress, allostatic load and related health risk among Hispanics and how aspects of social support networks may mitigate these effects by reducing stress contagion. Our project focuses on discrimination, as immigrant Hispanics – particularly recent immigrants – often report discrimination at substantially lower frequencies than US-born Hispanics. This in turn may contribute to immigrant Hispanic’s health advantages, such as 3 additional years life expectancy, relative to US-born Hispanics. The Weathering Hypothesis and theories of allostasis suggest that the cumulative effects of discrimination exposure and related stress would explain these health disparities. However, this proposal will be among the first to test mechanisms of how discrimination stress contributes to allostatic load, with a focus on social and cultural mechanisms; moreover, we will extend this work beyond the individual to understand how discrimination stress acts on a social network. Research in White populations has documented how social support protects against the negative health effects of stress, but little work has examined these effects in Hispanic samples. Moreover, prior research does not account for how social support may perpetuate stress across a network: that is, when one person experiences stress, their supportive others will also experience stress. This is particularly relevant for stressors like discrimination, which impact not only the target but also their social ties. Thus, in order to mitigate the effects of discrimination, support networks may need to be used in specific ways and have specific qualities. The current study tests these qualities. First, we will determine the extent to which discrimination stress response and discrimination exposure frequency combine to predict changes in allostatic load, and in turn predicts risk for multiple chronic health outcomes that are leading causes of death (e.g., cardiovascular disease). Second, we will determine the social network qualities that mitigate discrimination stress “spilling over” from one person to another. Finally, we determine how discrimination stress response transmits across a network to predict changes in the networks’ allostatic load. To achieve this, we will use sampling designs (respondent-driven sampling; RDS) and social network analyses that allow us to understand how the connections across people influence health. We will examine social support; biomarkers of allostatic load, acute and chronic stress, and inflammation; and daily diary assessments of discrimination frequency. Using novel Bluetooth technology developed by our team we will also assess how often participants interact with one another and link that data to each participants reports of discrimination and whether they discussed discrimination with supportive others. The combination of these measures and network-based approach allows us to conduct novel tests of how social environments influence health and potentially convey health resilience in the face of discrimination. Additionally, it will inform how to best arrange social support interventions to limit the negative effects of interpersonal discrimination.

摘要 目前的建议旨在严格测试人际歧视如何促成急性和慢性 西班牙裔美国人的压力、非稳态负荷和相关健康风险以及社会支持网络方面 可以通过减少压力传染来减轻这些影响。我们的项目关注歧视，作为移民， 西班牙裔-特别是最近的移民-经常报告歧视的频率大大低于 美国出生的西班牙裔。这反过来可能有助于移民西班牙裔的健康优势，如3 相对于美国出生的西班牙裔人，预期寿命增加了10年。风化假说和风化理论 变稳态表明，歧视暴露和相关压力的累积效应可以解释这些现象。 健康差距。然而，这项提案将是第一个测试歧视机制的提案之一。 压力有助于非稳态负荷，重点是社会和文化机制;此外，我们将扩大 这项工作超越了个人，以了解歧视压力如何作用于社会网络。研究 白色人群已经记录了社会支持如何防止压力对健康的负面影响， 但很少有研究在西班牙裔样本中检验这些影响。此外，先前的研究没有考虑到 社会支持如何在整个网络中延续压力：也就是说，当一个人经历压力时，他们的 支持他人的人也会感到压力。这与歧视等压力源特别相关， 不仅影响目标，还影响他们的社会关系。因此，为了减轻歧视的影响， 支助网络可能需要以特定方式使用，并具有特定的质量。目前的研究测试 这些品质。首先，我们将确定在多大程度上歧视的压力反应和歧视 暴露频率联合收割机可预测非稳态负荷的变化，进而预测多种慢性 作为主要死亡原因的健康结果（例如，心血管疾病）。第二，我们将确定 减轻歧视压力的社会网络质量从一个人"溢出"到另一个人。最后， 我们确定歧视压力反应如何在网络中传播，以预测 网络非稳态负荷。为了实现这一点，我们将使用抽样设计（响应驱动抽样; RDS） 以及社交网络分析，让我们了解人与人之间的联系如何影响健康。 我们将检查社会支持;非稳态负荷，急性和慢性压力和炎症的生物标志物; 每日日记评估辨别频率。使用我们团队开发的新颖蓝牙技术 我们还将评估参与者相互交流的频率，并将这些数据与每个参与者联系起来 歧视的报告，以及他们是否与支持他们的人讨论歧视问题。的组合 这些措施和基于网络的方法使我们能够进行新的测试， 影响健康，并可能在面临歧视时传递健康复原力。此外，它将通知 如何最好地安排社会支持干预，以限制人际歧视的负面影响。