NEURAL CONTROL OF VISUALLY GUIDED EYE MOVEMENTS

描述：几个神经系统对视觉控制有贡献 引导快速眼球运动，包括枕骨的一部分， 顶叶、额叶和上丘。大脑皮层 涉及的区域可分为两大系统，前系统和 后部。前部系统由额眼组成。 FIELD和背内侧额叶皮质(DMFC)形成两个 主要通路通向皮质下区域；后方系统 也由两条主要路径组成，一条从枕骨发出 另一个来自顶叶皮质。后方系统达到 脑干上丘控制眼球运动的中枢； 前部系统与脑干有直接联系。少校 拟议工作的重点是了解这些 两个主要的皮质系统控制视觉引导的眼球运动， 特别重视区域DMFC，目前对此相对较少 是已知的。尤其鲜为人知的是DMFC是如何 控制眼睛和肢体的运动及其神经元的程度 可以通过经验来改变。拟议工作的目的是 确定(1)区域DMFC的不同区域如何控制眼睛、头部和肢体 运动，(2)DMFC的组织和额叶眼场 在学习新的视觉运动任务的过程中被改变，(3)如何 DMFC和额眼的药物性失活或损害 视野影响视觉运动控制和(4)视觉引导眼睛- 当造成成对损伤时，运动控制会受到影响 在隔离构成前或后的结构时 系统。为了回答这些问题，训练有素、行为端正的恒河猴 将使用记录、刺激和损伤的方法进行研究。一些人 的工作将使用新开发的慢性多重单- 细胞记录和微刺激。拟议的研究将 增加我们对眼睛和肢体运动的神经控制的知识 这对于理解人类运动中的故障是至关重要的 由于脑损伤而失去控制。特别相关的是，眼睛 而且肢体控制通常由几个系统并行执行 这允许通过剩余的系统显著恢复功能 脑损伤后完好无损。

DESCRIPTION: Several neural systems contribute to the control of visually guided rapid eye movements which include portions of the occipital, parietal, and frontal lobes and the superior colliculi. The cortical regions involved can be divided into two major systems, the anterior and the posterior. The anterior system is comprised of the frontal eye fields and the dorsomedial frontal cortex (DMFC) that gives rise to two major pathways coursing to subcortical regions; the posterior system is also comprised of two major pathways, one emanating from the occipital and the other from the parietal cortex. The posterior system reaches brain-stem eye-movement control centers through the superior colliculus; the anterior system has direct connections to the brain-stem. The major focus of the proposed work is to understand the manner in which these two major cortical systems control visually guided eye movements, with special emphasis on area DMFC about which at present relatively little is known. Especially poorly understood is the manner in which DMFC controls both eye and limb movements and the extent to which its neurons can be altered by experience. The aim of the proposed work is to determine (1) how various regions of area DMFC control eye, head and limb movements, (2) how the organization of DMFC and the frontal eye fields is altered during the learning of new visuo-motor tasks, (3) how pharmacological inactivation or lesions of the DMFC and the frontal eye fields affects visuo-motor control and (4) how visually guided eye- movement control is affected when paired lesions are made that result in the isolation of structures that comprise the anterior or posterior systems. To answer these questions, trained, behaving rhesus monkeys will be studied using recording, stimulation and lesions methods. Some of the work will be done using newly developed chronic multiple single- cell recordings and microstimulation. The proposed research will increase our knowledge of the neural control of eye and limb movements which is essential for the understanding of malfunctions in human motor control due to brain damage. Particularly relevant is the fact that eye and limb control is often carried out in parallel by several systems which allows for significant recovery of function through systems left intact after brain damage.