Glastonbury Abbey: Archaeological Archive Project

格拉斯顿伯里修道院对理解英国修道制度至关重要，它在英国流行文化中占有特殊的地位。从1904年到1979年，共进行了34个季节的挖掘，但结果一直没有公布。该项目将分析和出版考古学史上的标志性人物在格拉斯顿伯里修道院发掘的档案：圣约翰霍普（1904年），布莱邦德（1908-21），皮尔斯和克拉彭（1928-39）和罗利拉德福（1951-64）。格拉斯顿伯里修道院的受托人是项目合作伙伴，研究结果将为遗址解释和博物馆展示提供信息。格拉斯顿伯里是英格兰最早的修道院之一，可能可以追溯到七世纪，据说是唯一一个一直持续到十六世纪的修道院。1191年，僧侣们声称他们发现了亚瑟和格温娜维尔的坟墓，后来他们促进了与亚利马太的约瑟夫的联系，声称他在公元63年建立了第一座教堂。与亚瑟王的联系是在1184年一场毁灭性的大火后发展起来的，当时需要资金重建修道院。考古发掘集中在主要的幽闭范围和墓地的部分，并恢复了大量的组合加工的石头，窗户玻璃，陶器，瓷砖和小发现。该遗址对考古学研究的核心重要性源于一系列早期中世纪教堂的临时出版物，一个可能是英国最早的修道院的vallum enclosure，以及包括独特的玻璃熔炉在内的工艺活动。本项目将分析档案记录和挖掘发现，以考虑关键的研究问题。是否有证据表明在早期修道院之前就有人居住？什么是形式和早期的“家庭”的教堂和第一个修道院的日期？是否可以证明连续占用？早期手工业中心的规模和范围是什么？是否有可能重建早期修道院的分区和土地使用以及中世纪区域的后续发展？我们能否重建中世纪后期修道院的建筑形式、风格和发展？对神话和邪教活动的强调是否创造了中世纪教堂和修道院独特的布局？对档案的分析将得到对该地区新的地球物理调查的补充。考古物理学将增强对修道院发掘的解释，并增加对更广泛区域的了解。它还将促进对幸存的埋藏矿床的评估，促进其保护并指导未来的研究。格拉斯顿伯里档案的全面出版将实现修道院考古学的一个重大里程碑。除了修道院本身的历史意义之外，该遗址在了解中世纪早期的玻璃加工以及促进对中世纪早期和晚期修道院计划之间过渡的理解方面具有重要的国际意义。该项目的成果将作为专著出版，并将作为在线数据库通过考古数据服务处提供。该项目将介绍一个受到国际学术界、当地社区和修道院多民族游客高度评价的遗址的新发现，每年的游客人数超过10万。

Glastonbury Abbey is crucial to understanding British monasticism, and it holds a special place in English popular culture. Thirty-four seasons of excavations took place between 1904 and 1979, but the results have remained unpublished. This project will analyse and publish the archive of excavations at Glastonbury Abbey by iconic figures in the history of archaeology: St John Hope (1904), Bligh Bond (1908-21), Peers and Clapham (1928-39) and Ralegh Radford (1951-64). The Trustees of Glastonbury Abbey are project partners and the results of the study will inform site interpretation and museum display.Glastonbury was one of the earliest monasteries in England, likely dating from the seventh century, and was reputedly the only one to have enjoyed continuous occupation to the sixteenth century. In 1191 the monks alleged that they had uncovered the graves of Arthur and Guinevere, and later they promoted a link with Joseph of Arimathea, claiming that he had founded the first church in AD 63. The Arthurian connection was developed after a devastating fire of 1184, when funds were needed to rebuild the Abbey. Archaeological excavations focused on the main claustral ranges and parts of the cemetery, and substantial assemblages were recovered of worked stone, window glass, pottery, ceramic tiles and small finds. The site's central importance to archaeological scholarship stems from the interim publication of a series of early medieval churches, a vallum enclosure, potentially the earliest cloister in Britain, and craft-working activities including unique glass furnaces. This project will analyse the archive records and excavated finds to consider key research questions. Is there evidence for occupation pre-dating the early monastery? What is the form and date of the early 'family' of churches and the first cloister? Can continuous occupation be demonstrated? What was the scale and extent of the early craft-working centre? Is it possible to reconstruct the zoning and land-use of the early monastery and the subsequent development of the medieval precinct? Can we reconstruct the architectural form, style and development of the later medieval abbey? Did the emphasis placed on myth and cult activities create a distinctive layout in the medieval church and cloister? Analysis of the archive will be complemented by a new geophysical survey of the precinct. The geophysics will enhance interpretation of the cloister excavations and increase knowledge of the broader precinct. It will also facilitate the assessment of surviving buried deposits, contributing to their conservation and guiding future research. The full publication of the Glastonbury archive will achieve a major landmark in monastic archaeology. Beyond the intrinsic historical significance of the Abbey, the site is of demonstrated international importance in understanding early medieval glassworking, and for advancing understanding of the transition between the early and later medieval monastic plans. The results of the project will be published as a monograph and will be accessible as an online database through the Archaeology Data Service. This project will present new findings on a site that is highly valued by the international academic audience, the local community and the multi-denominational community of visitors to the Abbey, numbering over 100,000 each year.