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A Study exploring Questions relating to Partnership between Police and Muslim Communities in the Prevention of Violent Extremism amongst Muslim Youth.

一项研究探讨警察与穆斯林社区在预防穆斯林青年暴力极端主义方面的伙伴关系相关问题。

基本信息

批准号：
AH/G016577/1
负责人：
Basia Spalek
金额：
$ 11.31万
依托单位：
University of Birmingham
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2009
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2009 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FG016577%2F1
关键词：
Study exploring Questions relating Partnership

项目摘要

In the UK, in the aftermath of the 7/7 bombings, alongside a series of attempted terror plots, the prevention of violent extremism has become a significant issue for policy makers, with Muslim youth being identified as being particularly 'at risk' from engaging in violent extremism. Within this heightened security context, the police are being viewed by government as taking the lead in strategies that are being developed to prevent violent extremism, alongside local authorities, working in partnership with other agencies, and importantly, working with Muslim communities, since 'communities defeating terrorism' has become an accepted counter-terrorism maxim. Although counter-terrorism policies and practices have been dominated by 'hard-sided' strategies involving surveillance, intelligence gathering, the use of informants and the implementation of a number of anti-terror laws, under the Pursue strand of the government's CONTEST strategy (HM Government, 2006), post 7/7, the Prevent strand within the CONTEST strategy is being given much greater prominence, whereby policing is being viewed as playing a significant role in developing and implementing initiatives that involve community engagement. Importantly, the bombings on July 7th 2005 have helped to blur distinctions between the roles of the police and the security services, with community-based approaches to counter-terrorism policing emerging. The role of policing in the prevention of violent extremism raises many questions, and the study being proposed here builds on a previous AHRC-funded study that focussed upon partnership work between Muslim communities and the police (Spalek & El-Awa, 2008, AH/F008112/1). For example, the AHRC study that was conducted included a focus upon police-community partnerships involving mosques for the purposes of counter-terrorism, whereby mosque leaders were interviewed about how they have worked with police to try to prevent young people from becoming violent extremists. This issue merits further examination, however, as it may be the case that young people are not generally actively involved in mosques and do not see existing religious leaders as exercising authority. Therefore, it is important to build on and question the study's findings in order to examine more fully whether existing religious leaders exercise authority within Muslim communities and specifically with Muslim youth in London and Birmingham, and whether and how mosques are partnering police for the purposes of preventing violent extremism. The previous AHRC study undertaken by Spalek & El-Awa (2008) also raised wider questions on issues of trust-building in partnership work, the role of police officers and community members in negotiating conflicting values and commonalities on which to build trust and focus on shared goals relating to preventing violence, and, especially interesting to the case of de-radicalisation, the impact of emotions, positive and negative, on those engaged with these issues. In relation to young Muslims, these questions are particularly pertinent: how can police officers and young people overcome the tensions traditionally associated with their relationship and start to build trust ? On what grounds is this negotiated ? How are emotions handled by officers and young people - is there a way to harness anger and frustration in positive ways ? And critically, is there evidence of success, not only in trust building, but in actually preventing violence, actual or ideological ? This study will focus on partnership work between police and Muslim communities that focusses upon young male and female Muslims aged 16-25, this being the age range identified by security experts as key to violent extremism.

在英国，在7/7爆炸事件发生后，以及一系列未遂的恐怖阴谋，预防暴力极端主义已成为政策制定者的一个重要问题，穆斯林青年被确定为特别“处于危险之中”参与暴力极端主义。在这一加强安全的背景下，政府认为警察正在与地方当局一道，与其他机构合作，并重要的是与穆斯林社区合作，带头制定防止暴力极端主义的战略，因为“社区战胜恐怖主义”已成为公认的反恐格言。虽然反恐政策和做法一直由涉及监视，情报收集，使用线人和实施一些反恐法律的“强硬”战略主导，但根据政府的竞争战略的追求链，（英国政府，2006年），7/7后，竞赛战略中的预防部分被给予了更大的重视，在这方面，警务被视为在制定和实施涉及社区参与的举措方面发挥重要作用。重要的是，2005年7月7日的爆炸事件有助于模糊警察和安全部门的作用之间的区别，以社区为基础的反恐警务方法正在出现。警务在预防暴力极端主义方面的作用提出了许多问题，在此提议的研究是在此前一项由亚洲人权委员会资助的研究的基础上进行的，该研究侧重于穆斯林社区与警方之间的伙伴关系（Spalek和El-Awa，2008年，AH/F008112/1）。例如，澳大利亚人权委员会进行的研究包括一个重点，即为反恐目的而与清真寺建立的警察-社区伙伴关系，并采访了清真寺领导人，了解他们如何与警察合作，努力防止年轻人成为暴力极端分子。然而，这一问题值得进一步研究，因为情况可能是，青年人一般不积极参与清真寺活动，也不认为现有的宗教领袖在行使权力。因此，必须在研究结果的基础上提出质疑，以便更充分地审查现有宗教领袖是否在穆斯林社区内行使权力，特别是对伦敦和伯明翰的穆斯林青年行使权力，以及清真寺是否和如何与警察合作，以防止暴力极端主义。Spalek和El-Awa先前进行的澳大利亚人权委员会研究（2008年）也提出了更广泛的问题，涉及在伙伴关系工作中建立信任的问题，警官和社区成员在谈判相互冲突的价值观和共同点方面的作用，在此基础上建立信任并侧重于与预防暴力有关的共同目标，特别是关于去激进化的问题，积极和消极情绪的影响，对那些参与这些问题。对于年轻的穆斯林来说，这些问题特别重要：警察和年轻人如何克服传统上与他们关系有关的紧张关系，并开始建立信任？谈判的依据是什么？军官和年轻人如何处理情绪--有没有办法以积极的方式驾驭愤怒和沮丧？关键的是，是否有成功的证据，不仅在建立信任方面，而且在实际防止暴力方面，无论是实际的还是意识形态的？这项研究将侧重于警方和穆斯林社区之间的伙伴关系工作，重点是16-25岁的年轻男女穆斯林，这是安全专家确定的暴力极端主义的关键年龄段。