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Slavery as the Powers Attaching to the Right of Ownership

奴隶制作为所有权的附属权力

基本信息

批准号：
AH/G018499/1
负责人：
Jean Allain
金额：
$ 6.44万
依托单位：
Queen's University Belfast
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2009
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2009 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FG018499%2F1
关键词：
Slavery Powers Attaching Right Ownership

项目摘要

Does 'slavery' exist today? If so, what is to be considered slavery and what is not; in other words what are the legal parameters of this notion of slavery? This is an open question as the European Court of Human Rights says 'slavery' only entails legal ownership; the Yugoslav Tribunal says that a number of indicators are relevant beyond ownership, while the Australian High Court says that the 1926 definition is meant to deal with cases, not of ownership, but of de facto slavery'.The proposed research will seek to establish what is to be considered as slavery in law. A group of twenty scholars, experts in their fields will meet on two occasions to give presentations and exchange ideas as to what the legal term 'slavery' means. These presentations will then be collected and published in an edited book and disseminated through concise 'International Guidelines' meant to assist judges and legislators.The legal definition of slavery was established by the League of Nations in 1926 as the 'status or condition of a person over whom any or all the powers attaching to the right of ownership are exercised'. This definition of slavery apparently has its roots in Roman law, it deals with issues of property, of human rights, and has a legacy of application in a number of countries most noticeably during the era of the Atlantic Slave Trade. The group of scholars, known as the Research Network, is made up of leading academics in the history and sociology of slavery; and legal scholars from various fields of law. They will consider the definition of slavery. They will meet on two occasions; first in the UK, to provide a tentative outline of the approach as to their understanding of the meaning of 'the powers attaching to the right of ownership'. At the second meeting to be held in the United States of America, the participants will deliver the first draft of their work, with two participants providing a critique and the floor being open to discussion and comments. Based on those discussions, the participants will rework their draft and provide it for publication in an edited volume entitled Slavery: The Powers Attaching the Right of Ownership.Establishing the parameters of the definition of 'slavery' is fundamental to dealing with twenty-first century human exploitation. The importance of determining what the definition means is to be found in part in the fact that there is conflicting case-law, that the 2002 International Criminal Court has determined that enslavement is one of the crimes under its jurisdiction, and that 'slavery' is mentioned in the 2000 UN and 2005 Council of Europe trafficking conventions as a crime that should be suppressed. The central aim of the Research Network is to bring together for the first time, experts in different areas of the law and on the issue of slavery from the UK and the USA to consider a topic which has gained renewed importance in the twenty-first century. Beyond this hard core objective, the Research Network comprises a number of early career academics and postgraduate students who will benefit from their interaction with leading academics. The Research Network will also comprise individuals from outside the research community, working for the leading anti-slavery nongovernmental organisations in the United Kingdom and in the United States of America.

“奴隶制”今天还存在吗？如果是这样，什么应该被认为是奴隶制，什么不是；换句话说，奴隶制概念的法律参数是什么？这是一个悬而未决的问题，因为欧洲人权法院说，“奴隶制”只需要合法所有权；南斯拉夫法庭说，除了所有权之外，还有一些指标是相关的，而澳大利亚高等法院说，1926年的定义是为了处理案件，不是关于所有权，而是关于事实上的奴隶制。拟议的研究将试图确定什么是法律上的奴隶制。由20位各自领域的学者和专家组成的小组将举行两次会议，就法律术语“奴隶制”的含义进行演讲和交换意见。然后，这些介绍将被收集并出版在一本编辑过的书中，并通过旨在协助法官和立法者的简明“国际准则”进行传播。1926年，国际联盟（League of Nations）确立了奴隶制的法律定义，将其定义为“一个人的地位或状态，对他行使与所有权相关的任何或所有权力”。这种对奴隶制的定义显然源于罗马法，它涉及财产和人权问题，并在许多国家得到了应用，最明显的是在大西洋奴隶贸易时代。这群学者被称为“研究网络”（Research Network），由奴隶制历史和社会学领域的顶尖学者组成；以及来自不同法律领域的法律学者。他们将考虑奴隶制的定义。他们将举行两次会晤；首先在英国，就他们对“附属于所有权的权力”的含义的理解提供了一个初步的方法大纲。在美利坚合众国举行的第二次会议上，与会者将提交其工作的初稿，两名与会者将提出批评意见，发言供讨论和评论。在这些讨论的基础上，与会者将重新修改他们的草案，并将其提供在题为“奴隶制：附属于所有权的权力”的编辑卷中出版。确定“奴隶制”定义的参数对于处理21世纪的人类剥削问题至关重要。确定定义的意义的重要性部分在于存在相互冲突的判例法，2002年国际刑事法院已经确定奴役是其管辖范围内的罪行之一，并且在2000年联合国和2005年欧洲委员会贩运公约中提到“奴隶制”是一种应该被压制的罪行。研究网络的中心目标是首次将来自英国和美国的不同法律领域和奴隶制问题的专家聚集在一起，讨论一个在21世纪重新获得重要性的话题。除了这一核心目标之外，研究网络还包括许多早期职业学者和研究生，他们将从与领先学者的互动中受益。研究网络还将包括来自研究界以外的个人，他们为联合王国和美利坚合众国的主要反奴隶制非政府组织工作。