NEIGHBORHOOD EFFECTS ON THE YOUNG ADULT LIFE COURSE

描述：本项目使用专家小组收入研究中的数据 动态(PSID)和全国儿童调查(NSC)，联合 利用十年一次的人口普查数据，检查邻里关系的影响 青少年儿童的学业完成率、性别特征 活动、婚姻、未婚生育、犯罪和吸毒， 以及婚姻和非婚结合的解除。理论框架是 主要植根于威尔逊关于 社区特征对城市中心城区社会错位的影响。该项目 将开发并测试这些关键事件和行为的回归模型 生命历程，特别注意人的素质如何 受访者居住的人口普查区域(和其他邻里对应地区) 影响这些事件的发生，但不考虑家庭的影响 背景资料。主要的解释变量包括 受访者所在社区的社会经济和人口状况，如 如贫困率、失业率、种族构成和 适婚男子的供应情况。特别关注的是 邻里社会经济关系的函数形式 这些生命历程事件的状态和时间；潜在的 社区特征在不同地区的不同影响 社会经济、年龄和种族群体；诸如父母监督、 教育抱负和同龄人群体规范，这可能会调解 邻里条件对青少年结果的影响；以及 在社会经济和人口构成方面的哪些差异 黑人和白人居住的社区可以解释通常 在教育程度、婚前性行为方面存在明显的种族差异 活动、婚姻、非婚生育、犯罪和离婚。这个 对这个独特的、多层次的数据集的分析为提炼提供了希望 社区如何影响生活事件和生活机会的理论模型， 用于测试最近关于日益集中的 下层社会中的弱势群体，并为公共政策提供信息 来解决这些问题。

DESCRIPTION: This project uses data from both the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) and the National Survey of Children (NSC), in conjunction with decennial census data, to examine the effects of neighborhood characteristics on adolescents' and young adults' school completion, sexual activity, marriage, out-of-wedlock childbearing, delinquency and drug use, and marital and nonmarital union dissolution. The theoretical framework is grounded most heavily in Wilson's treatise dealing with the impact of neighborhood characteristics on inner-city social dislocations. The project will develop and test regression models of these key events and behaviors in the life course, with particular attention given to how qualities of the respondents' census tract of residence (and other neighborhood equivalents) influence the occurrence of these events net of the effects of family background. The primary explanatory variables include indicators of the socioeconomic and demographic status of the respondents' neighborhoods, such as the poverty rate, the unemployment rate, racial composition, and the availability of marriageable men. Special attention is given to the functional form of the relationship between neighborhood socioeconomic status and the timing of these life-course events; the potentially differential impact of neighborhood characteristics across different socioeconomic, age, and racial groups; factors such as parental supervision, educational aspirations, and peer group norms, that might mediate the effects of neighborhood conditions on adolescent outcomes; and the degree to which differences in the socioeconomic and demographic composition of the neighborhoods inhabited by blacks and whites can explain the often pronounced racial differences in educational attainment, premarital sexual activity, marriage, nonmarital childbearing, delinquency, and divorce. The analysis of this unique, multi-level data set holds promise for refining theoretical models of how neighborhoods affect life events and life chances, for testing recent claims regarding the increasing concentration of disadvantaged groups in underclass areas, and for informing public policies that address these issues.