Spatial Dynamics of Neighborhood Effects

描述(由申请人提供)：这份修订后的申请描述了一项研究计划，旨在调查非本地背景条件-居住社区周围的社区特征-对青少年和年轻人行为的影响。虽然近年来有关“邻里效应”的社会科学文献急剧增长，但几乎所有这类研究都把邻里视为孤立的岛屿，完全脱离了更广泛的生态环境。该项目的主要目标是研究地理上邻近社区的社会经济条件如何补充和适中居住社区的条件，以影响青少年和年轻人生命过程中的关键事件，包括辍学、向婚姻过渡和婚前生育。特别注意了外地条件解释这些行为中明显的种族和民族差异的能力(正如集中贫困理论所主张的那样)，以及外地条件对年龄、性别、种族和民族以及社会阶层的影响的变异性(如生命历程和城市生态观点所表明的)。该项目将创新的数据收集技术和方法应用于空间数据分析，这些数据来自收入动态小组研究的30多年来的个人和家庭层面的数据，以及来自美国四次十年一次的人口普查的社区层面的数据。该分析将估计包括空间滞后外生变量的事件历史模型，以捕捉地理上邻近社区的社会经济和人口特征对青少年和年轻人教育和家庭形成行为的影响。与公共健康的相关性：众所周知，邻里条件影响公共健康的许多方面，并在一定程度上解释了种族和民族在健康行为和健康结果方面的差异。因此，更多地了解这些影响的性质和作用是一个重要的科学和公共卫生目标。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This revised application describes a program of research designed to investigate the effects of extra-local contextual conditions-characteristics of communities surrounding the neighborhood of residence-on adolescent and young adult behavior. While the social scientific literature on "neighborhood effects" has grown dramatically over recent years, virtually all studies in this genre have treated neighborhoods as isolated islands, entirely divorced from their broader ecological context. The primary objective of this project is to examine how socioeconomic conditions in geographically-proximate neighborhoods complement and moderate conditions in the neighborhood of residence to influence key events in the adolescent and young adult life course, including dropping out of school, the transition to marriage, and premarital childbearing. Particular attention is given to the ability of extra-local conditions to explain pronounced racial and ethnic differences in these behaviors (as theories of concentrated poverty contend) and variability in the impact of extra-local conditions by age, sex, race and ethnicity, and social class (as suggested by life-course and urban-ecological perspectives). The project applies innovative data-gathering techniques and methods for spatial data analysis to over thirty years of individual- and family-level data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, in conjunction with neighborhood-level data drawn from four decennial U.S. censuses. The analysis will estimate event-history models that include spatially-lagged exogenous variables to capture the influence of socioeconomic and demographic characteristics in geographically-proximal neighborhoods on adolescent and young adult educational and family formation behavior. Relevance to public health: Neighborhood conditions are known to affect many dimensions of public health, and to partly explain racial and ethnic differences in health behaviors and health outcomes. Consequently, understanding more about the nature and operation of these effects is an important scientific and public health objective.