Spatial Dynamics of Neighborhood Effects

邻里效应的空间动态

• 批准号: 7191448
• 负责人: SCOTT J SOUTH
• 金额: $ 8.64万
• 依托单位: STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK AT ALBANY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-03-15 至 2009-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7191448
• 关键词: Accounting; Address; Adolescent; Adolescent Behavior; Adolescent Development; Affect; Age; Area; Attention; Behavior; Censuses; Characteristics; Child; Communities; Complement; Condition; Data; Data Analyses; Dimensions; Disadvantaged; Disease regression; Distress; Divorce; Drops; Economic Conditions; Economics; Ethnic Origin; Event; Family; Gender; Growth; Health; Health behavior; Income; Individual; Industry; Institution; Island; Life Cycle Stages; Literature; Marriage; Modeling; Nature; Neighborhoods; Numbers; Operative Surgical Procedures; Outcome; Positioning Attribute; Poverty; Public Health; Race; Recording of previous events; Relative (related person); Research; Research Design; Resources; Role playing therapy; Schools; Shapes; Social Class; Social Impacts; Social Interaction; Social Network; Social Sciences; Socioeconomic Status; Student Dropouts; Techniques; Transcend; Work; Youth; deprivation; high school; inner city; innovation; multidisciplinary; nonmarital childbearing; programs; racial and ethnic; racial/ethnic difference; residence; sex; social; socioeconomics; sound; theories; young adult

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This revised application describes a program of research designed to investigate the effects of extra-local contextual conditions-characteristics of communities surrounding the neighborhood of residence-on adolescent and young adult behavior. While the social scientific literature on "neighborhood effects" has grown dramatically over recent years, virtually all studies in this genre have treated neighborhoods as isolated islands, entirely divorced from their broader ecological context. The primary objective of this project is to examine how socioeconomic conditions in geographically-proximate neighborhoods complement and moderate conditions in the neighborhood of residence to influence key events in the adolescent and young adult life course, including dropping out of school, the transition to marriage, and premarital childbearing. Particular attention is given to the ability of extra-local conditions to explain pronounced racial and ethnic differences in these behaviors (as theories of concentrated poverty contend) and variability in the impact of extra-local conditions by age, sex, race and ethnicity, and social class (as suggested by life-course and urban-ecological perspectives). The project applies innovative data-gathering techniques and methods for spatial data analysis to over thirty years of individual- and family-level data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, in conjunction with neighborhood-level data drawn from four decennial U.S. censuses. The analysis will estimate event-history models that include spatially-lagged exogenous variables to capture the influence of socioeconomic and demographic characteristics in geographically-proximal neighborhoods on adolescent and young adult educational and family formation behavior. Relevance to public health: Neighborhood conditions are known to affect many dimensions of public health, and to partly explain racial and ethnic differences in health behaviors and health outcomes. Consequently, understanding more about the nature and operation of these effects is an important scientific and public health objective.

描述（由申请人提供）：该修订后的申请描述了一项研究计划，旨在研究周围围绕青少年和年轻成人行为社区社区的本地环境条件的影响。尽管近年来，有关“邻里影响”的社会科学文献已经急剧增长，但实际上所有这种类型的研究都将邻里视为孤立的岛屿，完全脱离了其更广泛的生态环境。该项目的主要目的是研究地理社区中的社会经济状况如何补充居住地社区中的适度条件，以影响青少年和年轻成人生活课程的关键事件，包括辍学，婚姻过渡和婚前育儿。特别关注本地条件在这些行为中解释明显的种族和种族差异的能力（作为集中贫困的理论）以及按年龄，性别，种族和族裔和社会阶层（由人生道路和生活方式和城市生态学的角度提示）对本地条件的影响的可变性）。该项目将创新的数据收集技术和方法用于空间数据分析的方法，以超过30年的“收入动态”小组研究中的个人和家庭级别数据，并与来自四个十年期美国普查的邻里级别数据一起。该分析将估算包括空间延伸的外源变量的事件历史模型，以捕获地理上邻里社区对青少年和年轻成人教育和家庭形成行为的社会经济和人口特征的影响。与公共卫生的相关性：已知邻里状况会影响公共卫生的许多方面，并部分解释健康行为和健康成果的种族和种族差异。因此，更多地了解这些影响的性质和运作是一个重要的科学和公共卫生目标。