IMMIGRANTS AND THEIR TRANSITION TO A NEW LABOR MARKET

移民及其向新劳动力市场的过渡

• 批准号: 2889323
• 负责人: ZVI ECKSTEIN
• 金额: $ 16.16万
• 依托单位: BOSTON UNIVERSITY (CHARLES RIVER CAMPUS)
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1997
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1997-04-01 至 2001-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2889323
• 关键词: Commonwealth of Independent States; Israel; Jewish; age difference; behavioral /social science research tag; education; employment /unemployment; human data; immigrant; income; income maintenance; industry; language; longitudinal human study; occupations; public assistance; training level

DESCRIPTION: More than 600,000 Jews migrated from the Soviet Union to Israel between 1990 and 1994, and during the first two years the immigrants caused an increase of more that 10 percent in the Israeli labor force. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the assimilation process of the immigrants in a new labor market. The focus is the dynamics of the wage of the immigrants and its relation to human capital accumulation (language and training) and the search for an occupation and a job in the new home. This wage process will be compared to that of native Israelis, and the study will investigate the impact of the immigration on the labor market conditions of the natives. Both topics are of great importance for the US as well as for any other host country. Two different hypotheses related to the effects of labor supply on the earning growth of immigrants will be tested. The first approach is that the main source of the wage increase is due to the search process for an occupation and a job, which is based on a sequential job and occupation search model. In this model the market opportunities and the search strategy of the immigrants determine the observed employment patterns and earnings. Wage growth here is mainly due to transitions between jobs and occupations. The second approach claims that the main source of the wage increase is due to the accumulation of local human capital (general and specific) while the search process has a minor role. This model combines some aspects of the job and occupation search of the first model but extends the analysis for the accumulation of skills such as language, knowledge of local market conditions, and familiarity with new technology. The novelty of the models is that the transition process among jobs and occupations and earning growth are analyzed jointly. The models will be estimated using panel data. The study uses a unique panel of 1200 immigrants who arrived between 10/89 and 1/92 and were interviewed during the summer of 1992 and the summer of 1995. This survey provides a complete history of their labor market experience. The alternative hypotheses will be tested and the long run implications on assimilation and wage convergence will be studied using alternative intervention policies. The impact of the immigration wave of 1990-1992 on the native population will be studied using nationwide income surveys, classified by occupation. The main hypothesis is that the initial impact is to reduce the wages of unskilled natives. The impact on skilled natives will appear later as the immigrants acquire local skills. This is in contrast to US studies that attempted to identify the impact of immigration in narrow geographical areas. The sheer size of the current immigration wave and the high concentration in high skilled occupation enable macroeconomic effects to be identified.

描述：超过60万犹太人从苏联移民到 以色列在1990年至1994年期间， 导致以色列劳动力增加了10%以上。 的 本研究的主要目的是探讨汉语的同化过程， 新劳动力市场的移民。 重点是工资的动态 移民及其与人力资本积累的关系（语言和 培训）以及在新家寻找职业和工作。 这 工资过程将与以色列本地人进行比较，研究将 调查移民对劳动力市场状况的影响 原住民。 这两个问题对美国和 其他东道国。 两种不同的假设有关的影响，劳动力供给对 移民的收入增长将受到考验。 第一种方法是， 工资增长的主要来源是由于寻找一个 职业和工作，这是基于连续的工作和职业 搜索模型。 在这个模型中，市场机会和搜索 移民的战略决定了观察到的就业模式， 收益。 这里的工资增长主要是由于工作之间的过渡， 职业。 第二种方法声称，工资的主要来源 增长是由于当地人力资本（一般和 具体的），而搜索过程具有次要作用。 该模型结合 第一种模式的工作和职业搜索的某些方面，但扩展 分析技能的积累，如语言，知识， 熟悉当地市场情况，熟悉新技术。 新奇 模型的一个重要特点是，工作和职业之间的过渡过程， 收益增长是共同分析的。 模型将使用 面板数据。 这项研究使用了一个由1200名移民组成的独特小组， 在1989年10月至1992年1月之间，并在1992年夏天接受了采访， 1995年夏天。 这项调查提供了一个完整的历史，他们的劳动 市场经验。 将对备选假设进行检验， 运行的影响同化和工资收敛将研究使用 替代干预政策。 1990-1992年移民潮对土著人口的影响 将使用按职业分类的全国收入调查进行研究。 主要的假设是，最初的影响是降低工资， 不熟练的原住民 对熟练的本地人的影响将在稍后出现， 移民获得当地技能。 这与美国的研究相反， 试图在狭窄的地理范围内确定移民的影响， 地区 目前移民潮的规模和高 高技能职业的集中使宏观经济效应 鉴定