The Angolan Roots of Capoeira. Transatlantic Links of a Globalised Performing Art

卡波耶拉的安哥拉根源。

• 批准号: AH/H020683/1
• 负责人: Matthias Röhrig Assunção
• 金额: $ 46.87万
• 依托单位: University of Essex
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2010 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FH020683%2F1
• 关键词: Angolan; Roots; Capoeira.; Transatlantic; Links

During the nineteenth century African and Creole slaves living in port cities and surrounding plantations in Brazil developed a combat game called capoeira. Even though initially repressed by the authorities, it spread to the free lower classes during the nineteenth century, and to the rest of Brazil during the twentieth century. Capoeira has become one of the most-well known aspects of Brazilian culture and is now widely practiced by hundreds of thousands of people in every continent. It is also used as a tool in dance and theatre performances, in cinema (for instance in one of the Harry Potter films) and in advertisements (for example by the BBC). Capoeira consists of a combination of acrobatics, rhythms, combat, dance and theatrical performance, all of which maintain a distinctive Afro-Brazilian character. Just how many of its characteristics are 'African' is the object of much debate among capoeira practitioners, academics researching its history, and the wider public interested in the culture of the 'Black Atlantic' or engaged with diasporic issues. This project will explore the links between capoeira and Angolan traditions which are still practised today in order to assess the extent of continuities, and borrowing, but also of ruptures, changes and re-inventions. It seeks to understand the 'creolization' process through which different African traditions merged and developed into something new, original and global. An extended period of civil war made it impossible to do fieldwork in Angola until recently, so this research will explore exciting new territory and fill a significant gap in scholarship. Our research will explore several traditions in south-western Angola, a region often identified as providing the 'roots' of capoeira because of the existence of instruments and movements similar to capoeira. It will document several combat games which use alternatively kicks, hands, sticks and other weapons, techniques that are also present in historical capoeira styles. It will also explore the music and lyrics that accompany these performances, and related dances and rituals practiced in some villages belonging to different ethnic groups of the Nyaneka family in that region.The project seeks to make research collaborative, actively involving capoeira and Angolan traditional performers, and promoting a dialogue between traditions that have not been in direct contact for more than a century. This exchange is expected to generate new insights into Angolan and Afro-Brazilian practices. Ethnographic fieldwork will be backed up by research of historical documents in archives in Angola and Portugal, published primary material and existing ethnographic accounts. One core outcome is a film documentary, to be distributed as a DVD and broadcast by TV channels, which will be taken back to Brazil and Angola. The DVD will be complemented by articles in academic and non-academic journals, which will explore some of the issues raised by the performers in the film in more depth, and reach new insights through the analysis of new material gathered from archives and libraries. A longer term aim is to enhance the visibility of the Angolan contribution to world culture, in particular to Afro-Brazilian music and capoeira and to support the country's efforts in reconstruction after 40 years of civil wars. The project will raise awareness of the need for Angolan traditional performers to be supported by governments and NGOs, and will help to create alternative paths for development through cultural tourism. The outputs from this research will also provide a rich archival resource for future generations of academics and capoeira practitioners.

在世纪，生活在巴西港口城市和周边种植园的非洲和克里奥尔奴隶开发了一种名为capoeira的战斗游戏。尽管最初受到当局的压制，但它在世纪蔓延到自由的下层阶级，并在世纪蔓延到巴西的其他地区。卡波耶拉已经成为巴西文化中最著名的一个方面，现在在每个大陆都有成千上万的人广泛练习。它也被用作舞蹈和戏剧表演，电影（例如哈利波特电影）和广告（例如英国广播公司）的工具。卡波耶拉由杂技、节奏、战斗、舞蹈和戏剧表演组成，所有这些都保持了非洲裔巴西人的独特性格。究竟有多少特征是“非洲”的，这是卡波耶拉实践者、研究其历史的学者以及对“黑大西洋”文化感兴趣或参与散居问题的广大公众之间争论不休的问题。该项目将探讨卡波耶拉舞和安哥拉传统之间的联系，这些传统至今仍在使用，以评估其延续和借鉴的程度，以及断裂、变化和重新发明的程度。它试图了解“克理奥尔化”的过程中，通过不同的非洲传统融合和发展成为新的，原始的和全球性的。长期的内战使得直到最近才能在安哥拉进行实地考察，因此这项研究将探索令人兴奋的新领域，填补学术界的一个重大空白。我们的研究将探讨在西南部的几个传统安哥拉，一个地区往往被确定为提供卡波耶拉的“根”，因为存在的文书和运动类似卡波耶拉。它将记录几个使用交替踢，手，棍棒和其他武器的战斗游戏，这些技术也存在于历史上的卡波耶拉风格中。该项目还将探索伴随这些表演的音乐和歌词，以及该地区属于Nyaneka家族不同民族的一些村庄中的相关舞蹈和仪式，该项目旨在使研究合作，积极参与卡波耶拉和安哥拉传统表演者，并促进世纪多来没有直接接触的传统之间的对话。预计这一交流将使人们对安哥拉和非洲裔巴西人的做法有新的了解。将通过研究安哥拉和葡萄牙档案中的历史文件、出版的原始材料和现有的人种学记录来支持人种学实地工作。一项核心成果是制作一部纪录片，将以DVD形式发行，并在电视频道播出，然后带回巴西和安哥拉。DVD将由学术和非学术期刊上的文章补充，这些文章将更深入地探讨电影中表演者提出的一些问题，并通过分析从档案馆和图书馆收集的新材料得出新的见解。一个长期目标是提高安哥拉对世界文化，特别是非洲裔巴西音乐和卡波耶拉舞的贡献的可见度，并支持该国在40年内战后的重建努力。该项目将提高人们对政府和非政府组织支持安哥拉传统表演者的必要性的认识，并将有助于通过文化旅游创造替代发展途径。这项研究的成果也将为未来的学者和卡波耶拉实践者提供丰富的档案资源。

项目成果

Engolo and Capoeira. From Ethnic to Diasporic Combat Games in the Southern Atlantic

恩戈洛和卡波耶拉。

• DOI: 10.18573/mas.148
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Martial Arts Studies
• 作者: Assunção M

Capoeira em múltiplos olhares. Estudos e pesquisas em jogo.

多种卡波耶拉舞。

• 发表时间: 2016
• 作者: Assunção, M R

[Capoeira circle or sports academy? The emergence of modern styles of capoeira and their global context].

【卡波耶拉圈还是体育学院？

• DOI: 10.1590/s0104-59702014005000002
• 发表时间: 2014
• 期刊: Historia, ciencias, saude--Manguinhos
• 作者: Assunção MR

African heritage and memories of slavery in Brazil and the South Atlantic world

巴西和南大西洋世界奴隶制的非洲遗产和记忆

• 发表时间: 2015
• 作者: Candido, M

History in the Making: An Ethnography into the roots of Capoeira Angola

历史的形成：安哥拉卡波耶拉起源的民族志

• 发表时间: 2013
• 期刊: The World of Music
• 作者: Dettmann, C