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The American Indian Poet of the First World War: Modernism and the Indian Identity of Frank 'Toronto' Prewett 1892-1962

第一次世界大战的美国印第安诗人：现代主义与弗兰克·“多伦多”·普威特的印第安身份（1892-1962 年）

基本信息

批准号：
AH/I002553/1
负责人：
Joy Porter
金额：
$ 6.55万
依托单位：
Swansea University
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Fellowship
财政年份：
2011
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2011 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FI002553%2F1
关键词：
American Indian Poet First World

项目摘要

My research on The American Indian Poet of the First World War uses as yet untapped archival resources in Canada, the United States and the United Kingdom to provide access to the premier Native American Indian literary figure of the early twentieth century. It allows us to explore for the first time his friendships with some of the most famous names in British literature since Frank 'Toronto' Prewett, 1893-1962, had an exceptional and in many ways glittering life. Known as an Iroquois Indian from the North-Eastern United States, his experience of war brought him into close association with the British literary elite. His archives, recently acquired by an institution in Ottawa, reveal that he was published by Virginia Woolf, was the lover of Seigfreid Sassoon and that he had close friendships with both Robert Graves and with the doyenne of Bloomsbury, the rich and exceptional 'daughter of a thousand earls' Lady Ottoline Morrell. This research also reveals his friendships with Leonard Woolf, W.B. Yeats, Thomas Hardy, Wilfred Owen, Edmund Blunden, T.E. Lawrence, Aldous Huxley, Mark Gertler, S.S. Koteliansky and Dorothy Brett. This research not only unearths Prewett's centrality to the literary vanguard of the time, it also more generally explores the relationship of Native American Indian identity to modernist sensibility or sensibilities. It asks how Prewett was able to tap into an antimodern impulse that, strange as it may seem, ultimately acted in unison with the concerns of the modern, dominant, bureaucratic corporate state. The American Indian Poet of the First World War presented himself as an antidote to the spiritual homelessness and 'unreality' of the times and as such offered the kind of psychological self-sufficiency the élite associated with aboriginals. It was a brand of psychological calm which in the aftermath of a crushingly brutal war, they found they profoundly needed access to themselves. The project takes archival research gleaned from ten sites and uses it to attempt to re-focus modern Native literary scholarship and to explore fresh perspectives on how writers such as Philip Deloria, Marianna Torgovnick, Charles Taylor and Daniel Howe contextualised both the American self and Indian identity. It also brings primitivism to the centre of a number of disciplinary debates on war and modernism. Prewett is compared with the period's other famous inauthentic or 'white Indian' veterans and his harrowing experiences within the Royal Artillery and Royal Welsh Fusiliers contrasted with actual Indian war experiences presented by historians such as Russel Barsh and Tom Holm. Prewett's 'Indian' war correspondence is further contrasted with how historians on both sides of the Atlantic (Strachan, Keegan, Ferguson, Tuchman, Fischer and Bond) contextualized the First World War with particular emphasis given to Paul Fussell's The Great War and Modern Memory in contrast with Jonathan F. Vance's Death So Noble. Along with so many of his generation, Prewett suffered from depression or neuresthenia and this project questions whether this can be seen as part of the psychic crisis or 'therapeutic world view' that came to characterise the times. Investigation of archives held at Oxford and Cambridge archives in this regard allow us to explore the relationship between Prewett and the eminent anthropologist and institutional founder of the psychological discipline Dr W. H. R. Rivers. Rivers profoundly influenced the relationships to war of Sassoon, Owen and Graves and thsi research suggests that his engagement with Prewett marked a turning point for modernism within psychology. Overall, this research seeks to make a series of conceptual arguments about Native American identity on both sides of the Atlantic during the First World war and its aftermath by bringing a wholly new set of archival sources into scholarly view.

我对第一次世界大战的美国印第安诗人的研究使用了加拿大，美国和英国尚未开发的档案资源，以提供对二十世纪初美国土著印第安人文学人物的访问。它让我们第一次探索他的友谊与一些最著名的名字在英国文学自弗兰克'多伦多'普雷维特，1893-1962年，有一个特殊的，在许多方面闪闪发光的生活。作为一个来自美国东北部的易洛魁印第安人，他的战争经历使他与英国文学精英有着密切的联系。他的档案，最近获得的一个机构在渥太华，揭示了他是出版的弗吉尼亚伍尔夫，是情人塞格弗里德沙宣，他有密切的友谊与罗伯特格雷夫斯和与doyenne布卢姆斯伯里，丰富和特殊的“女儿的千伯爵”夫人卡罗琳莫雷尔。本研究还揭示了他与伦纳德伍尔夫的友谊。叶芝，托马斯哈代，威尔弗雷德欧文，埃德蒙布伦登，T. E.放大图片作者：James H.科特连斯基和多萝西·布雷特这项研究不仅揭示了普雷维特的中心地位的文学先锋的时间，它也更普遍地探讨了美洲印第安人的身份与现代主义的情感或情感的关系。它提出了一个问题，即普雷维特是如何能够利用一种反现代的冲动，尽管看起来很奇怪，但这种冲动最终与现代的、占主导地位的、官僚的企业国家的关切一致。这位第一次世界大战期间的美国印第安诗人把自己描绘成那个时代精神上的无家可归和“不现实”的解毒剂，因此提供了一种与土著人有关的精英心理上的自给自足。这是一种心理上的平静，在一场残酷的战争之后，他们发现自己非常需要接近自己。该项目从十个地点收集档案研究，并利用它来尝试重新关注现代本土文学奖学金，并探索新的视角如何作家，如菲利普Deloria，玛丽安娜Torgovnick，查尔斯泰勒和丹尼尔豪语境都美国自我和印度身份。它也把原始主义带到了许多关于战争和现代主义的学科辩论的中心。普雷维特被拿来与这一时期其他著名的不真实的或“白色印第安人”老兵进行比较，他在皇家炮兵和皇家威尔士火枪手中的悲惨经历与历史学家罗素·巴什和汤姆·霍尔姆等提出的实际印第安战争经历形成了对比。普雷维特的“印度”战争通信与大西洋两岸的历史学家（斯特拉坎、基冈、弗格森、塔奇曼、费舍尔和邦德）如何将第一次世界大战置于语境中进行了进一步对比，特别强调了保罗·福塞尔的《大战与现代记忆》，与乔纳森·F·万斯的死如此高贵。沿着他那一代的许多人，普雷维特患有抑郁症或神经衰弱，这个项目质疑这是否可以被视为精神危机或“治疗世界观”的一部分，来掩盖时代。通过对牛津和剑桥档案馆在这方面的研究，我们可以探讨普雷维特与著名的人类学家、心理学学科的创始人W. H. R.河流里弗斯深刻地影响了沙宣、欧文和格雷夫斯与战争的关系，这项研究表明，他与普雷维特的交往标志着心理学中现代主义的转折点。总的来说，这项研究旨在使一系列的概念性论点美洲原住民的身份在大西洋两岸的第一次世界大战及其后果，使一套全新的档案来源进入学术视野。