Wrongdoing in Spain 1800-1936: Realities, representations, reactions

这个项目提出了一种从十九世纪初到1936年西班牙内战开始期间对西班牙不法行为概念的批判性审查。通过对地理和文化包含的地区进行广泛的时间扫描，该项目允许将重点放在概念化的特定领域。然而，在这些范围内，该项目将对不当行为采取广泛的、甚至是天主教的态度。因此，它一方面将涵盖正式的范围，从法律禁止的行为(无论是国家的还是地方的)，到教会禁止的行为(并通过通谕、教义和布道传达)，到更具哲学意义的责任和代理问题，以及另一方面更普遍的对不法行为的态度(通过短暂的出版物传达)。“不法行为”一词被用来涵盖很广的范围。它超越了立法认定为犯罪的范畴，涵盖了“道德上的不公正、不公平、不当或不当；相反的、权利或正义；对公平、善良或正直的否定”(OED)。不法行为指的是行为、肇事者以及一系列意图或意识。这是一个深刻的道德概念，仲裁者可能来自不同的学科，也可能指的是法律所涵盖的错误。该项目的目的不是对西班牙的不法行为及其变迁进行历史或社会学描述，而是探索社会对不法行为的理解，以及这种理解如何转化为文化世界。因此，它不仅关注不法行为，还关注其引发的社会和文化反应。这些反应包括焦虑、愤怒、报复的欲望、对不法行为的实施者或受害者的认同、通过文化手工艺品替代参与不法行为的可能性。它允许对过程进行质疑，通过这些过程，我们作为文化消费者，显然从不法行为中获得了一种快乐。公众对它的明显着迷可以追溯到中世纪的民谣到19世纪的猛烈抨击，最终可以追溯到我们这个时代对不当行为的耸人听闻的文学或视觉表现。虽然显然与特定的地点和时期有关，但该项目中提出的问题对于理解现代文化、哪里存在不当行为以及我们对它的迷恋具有明显的相关性。因此，该项目提供了一个安全的空间，可以在其中审查引发敌意、兴奋和恐惧等反应的敏感问题。它横跨多个学科，将不法行为作为一种复杂的文化现象、一种消费的文化对象以及一个深刻而重要的社会概念来处理。该项目的一个关键部分，与其对流行材料的重视有关，是对大学图书馆、剑桥大学和大英图书馆收藏的大量流行材料的编目和数字化。这种材料是一种短暂的流派，经常是耸人听闻的，习惯于在街上出售。它包括关于不法行为的民谣和散文，其中一些与真实的犯罪或道德违规行为有关，另一些则是虚构的。这些材料为该项目提供了丰富的调查来源，并将与其他材料(一方面是关于犯罪的报纸报道、一方面是司法程序，以及在流行文化和精英文化中都可以找到的关于不法行为的虚构作品)一起阅读。“pliegos sueltos”的数字化将对文化材料的管理、保护和更易获取做出重大贡献，这些材料有英文版本，可以在更广泛的学术和文化材料中进行研究，也可以在更广泛的学术和文化背景下进行研究。

This project proposes a critical examination of concepts of wrongdoing in Spain from the start of the nineteenth century to the beginning of the Spanish Civil War in 1936. Taking a broad chronological sweep across a geographically and culturally contained area this project allows for concentration on specific areas of conceptualization. Within those confines, however, the project will take a broad, even a catholic, approach to wrongdoing. Thus it will encompass on the one hand a formal spectrum ranging from acts forbidden by the law (whether national or local), through acts forbidden by the Church (and conveyed through encyclicals, catechisms and sermons), to more philosophical questions of responsibility and agency, and on the other more popular attitudes to wrongdoing (conveyed characteristically through ephemeral publications). The term 'wrongdoing' is used to encompass a broad range. It is more than what is found to be criminal by legislation, and covers what is 'morally unjust, unfair, amiss or improper; the opposite or right or justice; the negation of equity, goodness or rectitude' (OED). Wrongdoing suggests actions, perpetrators, and a spectrum of intention or awareness. It is a profoundly moral concept, the arbiters of which may come from a variety of disciplines, as well as referring to wrongs covered by the law. Rather than a historical or sociological account of wrongdoing and its vicissitudes in Spain the intention of the project is to explore society's understanding of wrongdoing, and the way that this is translated into the world of culture. It is thus concerned not just with wrongdoing, but with the social and cultural responses it elicits. Such responses include anxiety, anger, desire for retribution, identification with perpetrators or victims of wrongdoing, the potential for vicarious engagement with wrongdoing through cultural artefacts. It allows for questioning of the processes through which it is evident that we, as cultural consumers, take a type of pleasure in wrongdoing. The evident public fascination with it can be traced from medieval ballad through to nineteenth-century broadsides, and eventually to sensationalist literary or visual representations of wrongdoing in our day.While clearly related to a specific place and period, the questions raised for examination in the project have clear relevance for understanding modern culture, where wrongdoing persists, and where our fascination with it continues. The project thus provides a safe space within which sensitive issues that provoke reactions such as hostility, excitement and horror can be examined. Crossing a variety of disciplines, it engages with wrongdoing as a complex cultural phenomenon, a cultural object for consumption as well as a profound and vital concept for society.A key part of the project, related to its emphasis on popular material, is the cataloguing and digitization of a significant body of popular material held at the University Library, Cambridge, and the British Library. This material is of 'pliegos sueltos' (chapbooks) and is an ephemeral genre, frequently sensationalist, and habitually sold in the street. It includes ballads and prose writings on wrongdoing, some of them relating to real acts of crime or moral infraction, others being fictional in nature. This body of material offers a rich source of investigation for the project, and will be read in conjunction with other material (newspaper accounts of crime, judicial proceedings on the one hand, and fictional works on wrongdoing to be found in both popular culture and elite culture). The digitization of the 'pliegos sueltos' will be a significant contribution to the stewardship, conservation and enhanced accessibility of a body of cultural material which has its counterparts in English, and which allow the research to take place in a broader academic and cultural material which has its counterparts in English, and which allows the research to take place in a broader academic and cultural context.