Wrongdoing in Spain 1800-1936: Realities, representations, reactions

该项目提议对西班牙从世纪开始到1936年西班牙内战开始期间的不法行为概念进行严格审查。以广泛的时间跨度跨越地理和文化所包含的区域，该项目允许集中在概念化的特定领域。然而，在这些范围内，该项目将采取一种广泛的，甚至是天主教的方法来处理不法行为。因此，一方面，它将包括一个正式的范围，从法律禁止的行为（无论是国家的还是地方的），通过教会禁止的行为（并通过通谕，教义问答和布道），到责任和机构的更多哲学问题，另一方面，对不法行为的更流行的态度（通过短暂的出版物典型地传达）。“不当行为”一词用于涵盖广泛的范围。它不仅仅是立法认定的犯罪，还包括“道德上不公正、不公平、错误或不正当的;对立面或正义;对公平、善良或正直的否定”（《牛津英语词典》）。Wrongdoing指的是行为、肇事者以及一系列的意图或意识。这是一个深刻的道德概念，其仲裁者可能来自不同的学科，以及指的是法律所涵盖的错误。该项目的目的不是对西班牙的不法行为及其变迁进行历史或社会学的叙述，而是探讨社会对不法行为的理解，以及将其转化为文化世界的方式。因此，它不仅关注不法行为，而且关注它所引起的社会和文化反应。这些反应包括焦虑、愤怒、报复的欲望、对不法行为的肇事者或受害者的认同、通过文物间接参与不法行为的可能性。它允许我们质疑我们作为文化消费者显然从错误行为中获得某种乐趣的过程。公众对它的迷恋可以追溯到中世纪的民谣，一直到19世纪的抨击，最后到我们今天对不法行为的耸人听闻的文学或视觉表现。虽然与特定的地点和时期明显相关，但该项目提出的问题对于理解现代文化具有明确的相关性，在那里不法行为仍然存在，我们对它的迷恋仍然存在。因此，该项目提供了一个安全的空间，可以在其中审查引起敌意、兴奋和恐惧等反应的敏感问题。该项目跨越多个学科，将不法行为视为一种复杂的文化现象、一种消费文化对象以及一个深刻而重要的社会概念。该项目的一个关键部分，与其对流行材料的重视有关，是对剑桥大学图书馆和大英图书馆保存的大量流行材料进行编目和数字化。这种材料是“liegos sueltos”（小册子），是一种短暂的体裁，经常耸人听闻，并习惯于在街上出售。它包括关于不法行为的民谣和散文，其中一些与真实的犯罪行为或道德违规有关，其他则是虚构的。这些材料为该项目提供了丰富的调查来源，并将与其他材料一起阅读（一方面是报纸对犯罪的报道，司法诉讼，以及在流行文化和精英文化中发现的关于不法行为的虚构作品）。“pliegos sueltos”的数字化将大大有助于管理、保护和提高一系列文化材料的可获得性，这些材料有其对应的英文版本，并使研究能够在更广泛的学术和文化材料中进行，这些材料有其对应的英文版本，并使研究能够在更广泛的学术和文化背景下进行。

This project proposes a critical examination of concepts of wrongdoing in Spain from the start of the nineteenth century to the beginning of the Spanish Civil War in 1936. Taking a broad chronological sweep across a geographically and culturally contained area this project allows for concentration on specific areas of conceptualization. Within those confines, however, the project will take a broad, even a catholic, approach to wrongdoing. Thus it will encompass on the one hand a formal spectrum ranging from acts forbidden by the law (whether national or local), through acts forbidden by the Church (and conveyed through encyclicals, catechisms and sermons), to more philosophical questions of responsibility and agency, and on the other more popular attitudes to wrongdoing (conveyed characteristically through ephemeral publications). The term 'wrongdoing' is used to encompass a broad range. It is more than what is found to be criminal by legislation, and covers what is 'morally unjust, unfair, amiss or improper; the opposite or right or justice; the negation of equity, goodness or rectitude' (OED). Wrongdoing suggests actions, perpetrators, and a spectrum of intention or awareness. It is a profoundly moral concept, the arbiters of which may come from a variety of disciplines, as well as referring to wrongs covered by the law. Rather than a historical or sociological account of wrongdoing and its vicissitudes in Spain the intention of the project is to explore society's understanding of wrongdoing, and the way that this is translated into the world of culture. It is thus concerned not just with wrongdoing, but with the social and cultural responses it elicits. Such responses include anxiety, anger, desire for retribution, identification with perpetrators or victims of wrongdoing, the potential for vicarious engagement with wrongdoing through cultural artefacts. It allows for questioning of the processes through which it is evident that we, as cultural consumers, take a type of pleasure in wrongdoing. The evident public fascination with it can be traced from medieval ballad through to nineteenth-century broadsides, and eventually to sensationalist literary or visual representations of wrongdoing in our day.While clearly related to a specific place and period, the questions raised for examination in the project have clear relevance for understanding modern culture, where wrongdoing persists, and where our fascination with it continues. The project thus provides a safe space within which sensitive issues that provoke reactions such as hostility, excitement and horror can be examined. Crossing a variety of disciplines, it engages with wrongdoing as a complex cultural phenomenon, a cultural object for consumption as well as a profound and vital concept for society.A key part of the project, related to its emphasis on popular material, is the cataloguing and digitization of a significant body of popular material held at the University Library, Cambridge, and the British Library. This material is of 'pliegos sueltos' (chapbooks) and is an ephemeral genre, frequently sensationalist, and habitually sold in the street. It includes ballads and prose writings on wrongdoing, some of them relating to real acts of crime or moral infraction, others being fictional in nature. This body of material offers a rich source of investigation for the project, and will be read in conjunction with other material (newspaper accounts of crime, judicial proceedings on the one hand, and fictional works on wrongdoing to be found in both popular culture and elite culture). The digitization of the 'pliegos sueltos' will be a significant contribution to the stewardship, conservation and enhanced accessibility of a body of cultural material which has its counterparts in English, and which allow the research to take place in a broader academic and cultural material which has its counterparts in English, and which allows the research to take place in a broader academic and cultural context.