A New Hegemony. Indignation, Populism and Democratic Praxis in Spain, 2011 - 2016

这项研究遵循了两个方面的野心，既有实证的，也有理论的。在实证方面，我回顾了2011至2016年间西班牙发生的政治变化。这一变化提出了一种激进的民主概念，并强烈呼吁社会正义。所谓的Indignados(愤怒)的动员和抗议营地标志着一项广泛分析的起点，该分析结合了话语分析、民族志和半结构化采访。因此，我的目标是对西班牙的政治发展进行深入和广泛的重建。对Indignados及其派生的政党Podemos的分析标志着研究的主体(第二章)。III-V)。在这些章节中，我展开了一项横跨公民社会和政治制度的分析，结合了社会语义学的重建以及微观实践--对西班牙的社会变化进行了全景描述。这一雄心壮志被更广泛的背景所包围，这种背景将西班牙的发展置于该国更广泛的历史秩序中(第二章。II和VI)。与实证分析交织在一起，我的目标是发展一种扩展的霸权理论。我从理论和分析两个方面充实了欧内斯托·拉克劳和尚塔尔·莫夫的后结构主义方法，以实现他们的话语理论实际上可以作为政治敏感的社会理论的承诺。因此，我相对化了拉克劳/莫夫的反本质主义和形式主义，并充实了一种方法，该方法公正地对待建构性和物质性、象征和感官维度、政治表达的机会和社会关系的沉淀倾向。因此，在本研究的视野中，站在了一种后基础主义社会理论的立场上。后者综合了话语理论、实践学和新唯物主义的立场来坚持：社会的时刻和政治的时刻对社会是同等构成的。

This study follows a twofold, empirical as well as theoretical ambition. In empirical terms, I trace the political change that has occurred in Spain between 2011 and 2016. This change has put forth a radicalized notion of democracy as well as a strong plead for social justice. The mobilizations and protest camps of the so-called Indignados (Outraged) mark the starting point of a wide-reaching analysis that combines discourse analysis, ethnography and semi-structured interviews. Therewith I aim at both an in depth and a broad reconstruction of Spain’s political developments. The analysis of the Indignados and their spin-off political party Podemos demarks the main body of the study (Chap. III-V). In these chapters, I launch an analysis that traverses civil society and the political system and combines the reconstruction of societal semantics as well as micrological practices - crystallizing in a panoramic account of Spain’s social change. This ambition is bracketed by a broader contextualization that situates the Spanish developments within the country’s broader historical order (Chap. II and VI). Intertwined with the empirical analysis, I aim at developing an expanded theory of hegemony. I flesh out the poststructuralist approach of Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe in both theoretical and analytical terms to accomplish their promise that their discourse theory can actually operate as politically sensitive theory of society. Therefore, I relativize the anti-essentialism and formalism of Laclau/Mouffe and flesh out an approach that does justice to constructedness and materiality, symbolic and sensorial dimensions, the chances of political articulation and the tendencies towards sedimentation of social relations. On the horizon of the present study thus stands a post-foundationalist social theory. The latter synthesizes discourse theoretical, praxeological and neo-materialist positions to uphold: the moments of the Social and the Political are equally constitutive for society.