Creative Participation in Planning and Housing

该项目探讨了纽卡斯尔、坎布里亚郡和布里斯托的三个“先锋社区”如何利用创造力，在经历了最初的挣扎后，参与到地方制作和规划实践中。该项目的主要实证研究结果说明了不同的方法来创造性的地方，每一个有一些成功。在纽卡斯尔，坎布里亚郡和布里斯托的网站已被创造性地改造，以反映老年人和年轻人的需求和兴趣，并"美化“在斯托克斯克罗夫特的环境。正如预期的那样，该项目揭示了一些困难，在定义谁”的“社区是，什么是创造力，并在谁的名义，这种创造力的做法，特别是当行动更加个性化。然而，该项目初步表明，当群体的代表性较低，决策者和资助者参与较少时，创造力可能会更大。特别是，它提出了这样一种可能性，即当社区参与者从“局外人”变成“局内人”，不再需要为被倾听而苦苦挣扎时，他们参与的创造性实践就会减少。然而，在纽卡斯尔，长老们仍然利用他们的创造力吸引新成员参加论坛。这个项目发现，当通过社区参与者的经验来理解时，地方创造比传统设想的规划实践更广泛，更重要。就地方主义议程而言，这表明参与应该得到广泛的理解，促进对“感觉环境”的投入，就像建筑环境一样。未来的研究应侧重于邻里的创造力和代表性如何相互关联，以及如何在地方一级促进参与这些更广泛的创造场所的概念。

This project explored how three 'pioneer communities' in Newcastle, Cumbria and Bristol use creativity to involve themselves in place-making and planning practices after initial struggles to have a voice in the process. The key empirical findings from the project illustrate divergent approaches to creativity in place-making with each having some success. Sites in Newcastle, Cumbria and Bristol have been creatively transformed to reflect the needs and interests of older and younger people and to 'beautify' the environment in Stokes Croft.As anticipated, the project revealed some difficulties in defining who 'the' community is, what creativity is and in whose name such creativity is practised, particularly when action is more individualised. However, the project tentatively suggested that creativity might be greater when groups are less representative and when decision-makers and funders are less involved. In particular, it raised the possibility that when community participants go from being 'outsiders' to 'insiders' and no longer have to struggle so much to be heard they engage in fewer creative practices. In Newcastle, however, where this happened the Elders still used their creativity to attract new members to the forum.This project found that when understood through the experiences of community participants that place-making is broader and more material than planning practices as conventionally conceived. In terms of the localism agenda this suggests that participation should be broadly understood, facilitating input on the 'felt environment' as much as the built environment. Future research should be focused on how neighbourhood creativity and representation can be interrelated and how participation in these broader conceptions of place-making can be facilitated at the local level.