Sustainability and subsistence systems in a changing Sudan

不断变化的苏丹的可持续性和生存系统

• 批准号: AH/K006193/1
• 负责人: Philippa Ryan
• 金额: $ 25.2万
• 依托单位: British Museum
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2013 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FK006193%2F1
• 关键词: Sustainability; subsistence; systems; changing; Sudan

This research seeks a better understanding of the interaction between people and the Nile Valley ecosystem in northern Sudan, and how present-day and ancient peoples have found solutions for coping with a risky environment. Massive technological shifts are dramatically altering modes of food production and bringing about new environmental challenges. Recent years have seen relocation of populations from islands, colonisation of new areas of the Nile valley and implementation of new agricultural technologies. This study will create a long-term perspective of adaptive solutions and how these are relevant to the future. This will be achieved through case studies of agricultural and plant exploitation practices from ancient and present day Nile island settlements, set within the context of a temporal overview of subsistence systems from the archaeological record.Traditionally, islands have been important locations of settlement since there are fewer areas of wide floodplain suited to traditional agriculture (in comparison with Egypt). Amara West will provide an archaeological case study for exploring how subsistence systems in an ancient town were impacted by aridity. Once situated on an island, sediment studies show a subsidiary channel dried up towards the end of the 2nd millennium BC exposing the town to windblown sand (prompting architectural amendments) and reducing agricultural land. Analysis of archaeobotanical remains recovered from well preserved architecture and features such as ovens and grinding emplacements will allow chrono-stratigraphic assessment of subsistence change in relation to the onset of localised aridity. Car and electricity-free Ernetta, a Nile island 5km upstream, will provide a base-line to study present-day traditional Nubian foodways and exploitation of natural local resources. Findings will be contrasted with river bank settlements subject to greater development, in terms of agricultural technology, modern materials used for house building, and access to new road networks and imports. Contemporary subsistence data and that from Amara will be placed in a broader temporal overview to create a new perspective on agricultural risk management strategies and adaptive solutions, predominantly via review of subsistence related literature. Research will examine: Can archaeological evidence inform decisions and advice being given to develop sustainable farming practices in the present and future?Can comparisons of ancient and present-day traditional Nubian agricultural and plant exploitation practices inform us about risk management and sustainable strategies?Were agricultural practices and access to other natural resources effected by environmental change (including climate) in the distant and recent past? How are changing foodways and resource exploitation patterns connected with population dynamics, and import patterns?Research will record and promote local knowledge of sustainable resource exploitation as relevant to future natural resources management. A report will be authored (and translated into Arabic) for organisations and bodies related to sustainable livelihoods and agriculture. Research will be disseminated via conferences within and outside of academia, through peer-review papers with multi-disciplinary academic audiences, and to the wider general public, school children and academic audiences via the British Museum. British Museum outputs will include print and web media, and the development of new Key Stage 2 teacher resources. Research will support the British Museum's, and other UK government agencies', on-going work and training and cultural relations in the Arab Republic of Sudan, but will also position the Museum and University sector, with its understanding of human settlement patterns and subsistence strategies across a long timeframe, as a key stakeholder in the shaping for future strategies.

这项研究寻求更好地了解人们与苏丹北部尼罗河谷生态系统之间的相互作用，以及当今和古代人民如何找到应对危险环境的解决方案。大规模的技术转变正在极大地改变食品生产的模式，并带来了新的环境挑战。近年来，人口从岛屿搬迁，尼罗河谷新地区的殖民化以及新的农业技术的实施。这项研究将对自适应解决方案以及它们与未来有何相关性的长期观点。这将通过对古代和当今尼罗河岛定居点的农业和植物剥削实践的案例研究来实现，这是在考古记录中对生存系统的时间概述的背景下进行的。在传统上，岛屿是定居点的重要地点，因为与传统农业相比，较少的洪水范围更少（与传统的农业相比）（相比之下）。阿马拉·韦斯特（Amara West）将提供一个考古案例研究，以探讨古老城镇中的生计系统如何受到干旱的影响。一旦位于岛上，沉积物研究表明，在公元前第二千年结束时，辅助渠道枯竭，将小镇暴露于风吹以风吹沙滩（促使建筑修正案）和减少农业土地。从保存完好的建筑中回收了考古植物学遗体，烤箱和磨碎的特征将允许对局部干燥发作相关的生存变化的时间变化评估。上游5公里的尼罗河岛的无汽车和电力Ernetta将为研究当今的传统努比亚食品道和对自然资源的开发提供基础线。在农业技术，用于房屋建设的现代材料以及进入新的道路网络和进口的现代材料方面，调查结果将与受到更大发展的河岸定居点形成鲜明对比。当代的生存数据，从阿玛拉（Amara）将置于更广泛的时间概述中，以创建有关农业风险管理策略和自适应解决方案的新观点，主要是通过审查生存相关文献的回顾。研究将研究：考古证据能否为在当前和未来提供可持续的农业实践的决定和建议吗？可以比较古代和当今传统的努比亚努比亚农业和植物剥削实践的比较，以告知我们有关风险管理和可持续策略的信息吗？农业实践和通过环境变化（包括遥远的环境变化）和过去以及过去的距离和过去的自然资源访问其他自然资源吗？如何改变与人口动态和进口模式相关的食品道和资源开发模式？研究将记录和促进当地知识可持续资源开发与未来自然资源管理有关的知识。将为与可持续生计和农业有关的组织和机构撰写（并翻译成阿拉伯语）报告。研究将通过学术界内外的会议，通过多学科学术受众的同行评审论文以及大英博物馆的广泛普通公众，小学生和学术观众进行传播。大英博物馆的产出将包括印刷和网络媒体，以及开发新的关键阶段2教师资源。研究将支持大英博物馆和其他英国政府机构，在苏丹阿拉伯共和国正在进行的工作，培训和文化关系，但也将把博物馆和大学部门定位，并在长期以来对人类和生存策略的了解，作为长期以来的人类和生存策略，作为对未来战略的关键利益相关者。

项目成果

Nubia past and present, agriculture crops and food (Arabic version)

努比亚的过去和现在，农作物和食物（阿拉伯语版本）

• 发表时间: 2018
• 作者: Ryan P

Plant exploitation in Neolithic Sudan: A review in the light of new data from the cemeteries R12 and Ghaba

新石器时代苏丹的植物开发：根据 R12 和 Ghaba 墓地的新数据进行回顾

• DOI: 10.1016/j.quaint.2015.12.066
• 发表时间: 2016
• 期刊: Quaternary International
• 影响因子: 2.2
• 作者: Out W

Sustainability and subsistence systems in northern Sudan: ethnobotanical and archaeobotanical approaches

苏丹北部的可持续性和生存系统：民族植物学和考古植物学方法

• 发表时间: 2016
• 作者: Ryan P

Variable Ovicaprid Diet and Faecal Spherulite Production at Amara West, Sudan

苏丹阿马拉西部的可变卵壳饮食和粪便球晶生产

• DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2018.1501852
• 发表时间: 2018
• 期刊: Environmental Archaeology
• 影响因子: 1.5
• 作者: Dalton M

Ancient plant use. In - Amara West, living in Egyptian Nubia

古代植物用途。

• 发表时间: 2014
• 作者: Ryan P