Comparative Studies on the Systems of Subsistence Economy in North-East Africa : Folk Models and its Application

今年的研究已作为“最低生活经济制度比较研究”项目的最后阶段展开。到目前为止，所取得的结果如下：1.田野调查中收集的视听资料、文化资料和植物标本等资料都已整理好，保存在国家民族学博物馆。我们将开发一个分类系统，数据已经准备好输入。该项目的研究人员在国家博物馆举行的会议上阅读了论文，相关领域的专家参加了会议。通过思想交流，我们从个案研究中发展出一些关于“民间模式”的一般模式，作为本土科学知识体系。其中一个模型被命名为“繁殖战略”，其中包括牧区牛毛色的繁殖以及农业社会的家畜和高粱品种的繁殖。在这些社会中发现的“多元化策略”具有一些共同的特征，并被证明是对自然环境的适当适应策略。来自亚的斯亚贝巴大学的应邀与会者就将这一战略应用于其他领域的可能性提出了自己的看法，为讨论作出了贡献。--会议成果将分成两卷在国家博物馆出版，题为“塞尼民族学研究”。该项目的研究人员Hori和Miyawa从上个学年开始继续进行实地研究，并带着丰硕的成果回来了。该项目负责人福井在埃塞俄比亚西南部的农牧牧民博迪中开展了关于生计制度的实地研究，并已返回。福井、宫城和茂田将出席在亚的斯亚贝巴大学举行的国际会议，并报告该项目的结果。

The research of this year has been carried out as the final stage of the project, "Comparative Studies on the Systems of Subsistence Economy". The results obtained thus far are as follows.1. Data, including audio-visual materials, cultural materials and plant specimens collected in field research have been all put in order and kept in the National Museum of Ethnology. We are going to develop a sorting system, and the data have already been ready for input.2. The investigators of the project have read papers at the conference held at the National Museum, in which specialists in related fields participated. Through exchange of ideas, we have developed from individual case studies some general models on "Folk Models" as systems of indigenous scientific knoeledge. One of the models has been named "Multiplication Strategy", in which multiplication of cattle coat color in pastoral societies as well as that of varieties of ensete and sorghum in agricultural societies are included. "Multipication Strategies" found in these societies have some common features, and have turned out to be appropriate adaptive strategies to natural environment. The participants invited from Addis Ababa University have contributed to the discussion by offerring their own ideas on the possibility of application of this strategy to other areas. The results of-the conference will be published in two volumes on "Senri Ethnological Studies" edited in the National Museum.3. Hori and Miyawaki, the investigators of the project, had continued field research since last academic year, and have returned with fruitful results. Fukui, the head of the project, has carried out field research on subsistence system among the Bodi, an agro-pastoralist of south-western Ethiopia, and has returned. Fukui, Miyawaki and Shigeta are going to attend the International Conference held at Addis Ababa University and to report the results of the project.