Imagining Jerusalem, 1099 to the Present Day

2012年7月，来自世界各地的观众观看了伦敦奥运会开幕式，表演了英国长期以来的民族传统，把一个充满活力的英国想象成一个新的耶路撒冷。耶路撒冷可能是世界上最具标志性的城市：它既是一个物理空间，也是一系列经常受到争议的记忆和思想，具有泛地中海和泛欧洲的遗产。从第一次十字军东征期间（1099年）的耶路撒冷被围困到现在，这个项目将采用长期的历史观点来探索这座城市在欧洲和其他地区被富有想象力的重建、重新征服和重新安置的各种方式。我们将汇集来自英国、欧洲和美国的专家网络，建立一个城市的第一个接收史，并为耶路撒冷的概念进行论证，认为耶路撒冷是一个在丰富的材料、政策、公共话语、文学和艺术领域被挪用和重新加工的概念。我们的调查将带我们从色情的幻想到乌托邦的愿景，研究耶路撒冷如何以及为什么成为分裂，哀悼和损失的原型，以及天堂的荣耀和城市规划中的新项目。“想象耶路撒冷”的案例研究提供了一个理想的机会，可以直接面对当今艺术和人文学科研究面临的一些难题：遗产作为一种文化运动的意义是什么，政治是什么？文化和集体记忆是如何形成的，它们是如何对未来及其可能的形态做出贡献，但也划定了对未来的看法？什么样的想象行为是在当下解释过去的教训所必需的？在关键的历史时刻，大众和集体形式的记忆和文化是如何在政治、法律和概念话语中被使用或帮助塑造的？拟议中的网络将为研究人员创造一个中心，通过一个特定的、高度共鸣的主题来解决这些问题。网络成员将在约克、伦敦和帕尔马的研讨会上会面三次；每个工作坊都将通过一个可访问的公共链来告知，这将借鉴当地的主要例子，从索拉尼亚的福斯托列维犹太教堂和博物馆（以前是被帕尔马排除在外的犹太人的犹太教堂，然后是法西斯社会俱乐部，直到最近作为遗产和纪念空间的重生），到威斯敏斯特教堂的耶路撒冷会议厅，英国及其邻国的一系列关键政治和戏剧性时刻的地点。我们将赞助一系列双重主题的公开讲座，这些讲座将明确地将过去的历史和现在的关注带入对话，我们将邀请公众加入我们的“美食之路”活动，探索美食（从面包和奶酪的朝圣者晚餐到Yotam Ottolenghi和Sami Tamimi的明确调和烹饪）如何将耶路撒冷的风味和习俗带入欧洲各地的社区。我们的调查结果和对话将作为博客的一部分发布，覆盖全球，其中包括播客、短片、对网络成员的采访，以及一系列引人注目的历史案例研究和例子。我们将共同努力，在一份重要的国际期刊上创建一个跨时期的特刊，展示耶路撒冷作为一个思想和想象空间的充满争议和活力的历史，以及泛历史、比较、跨学科研究的成果。

In July 2012, viewers from across the world watched as the London Olympics Opening Ceremony performed -- and played with -- the longstanding national tradition of imagining a dynamic Britain as a new Jerusalem. Jerusalem is perhaps the world's most iconic city: the place that exists most resonantly as both a physical space and a series of often-contested memories and ideas with a pan-Mediterranean and pan-European heritage. This project will adopt a long historical view to explore the variety of ways the city has been imaginatively rebuilt, reconquered, and relocated across Europe and beyond, from the Siege of Jerusalem during the First Crusade (1099) to the present day. We will draw together a network of experts from Britain, Europe, and the United States to build the first reception history of a city, and to argue for Jerusalem as an idea which has been appropriated and reworked across a rich terrain of material remakings, policy, public discourse, literature and the arts. Our invesigations will take us from pornographic conceits to Utopian visions, investigating how and why Jerusalem became an archetype for division, lamentation, and loss, as well as for celestial glory and novel projects in urban planning.The case study of 'Imagining Jerusalem' offers an ideal opportunity to confront directly some of the difficult issues facing research in the Arts and Humanities today: what is the meaning, and what are the politics, of heritage as a cultural movement? How are cultural and collective memories forged, and how do they contribute to, but also delimit, ideas about the future and its possible shapes? What acts of imagination are necessary to interpret the lessons of the past within the present moment? How have popular and collective forms of memory and culture been used within, or helped to shape, political, legal, and conceptual discourses at crucial historical moments? The proposed network will create a hub for researchers to address these questions through a specific, and highly resonant, theme.Network members will meet three times at workshops in York, London, and Parma; each workshop will be informed by an accessible, public strand, which will draw on key local examples, from the Fausto Levi Synagogue and Museum in Soragna (formerly a synagogue for the Jewish diaspora excluded from Parma, then a Fascist social club before its most recent reincarnation as a space of heritage and memorialisation), to the Jerusalem Chamber in Westminster Abbey, site of a series of key political and dramatic moments for England and its neighbours. We will sponsor a series of double-header public lectures which will be designed explicitly to bring past histories and present concerns into conversation, and we will invite members of the public to join us for a 'foodways' event, exploring how gastronomy (from the pilgrim dinner of bread and cheese to the explicitly conciliatory cooking of Yotam Ottolenghi and Sami Tamimi) has brought the flavours and customs of Jerusalem into communities across Europe. Our findings and conversations will be published as part of a blog, with a global reach, which will feature podcasts, short films, and interviews with network members, as well as a series of compelling historical case studies and examples. We will work together to create a cross-period special issue of a major, international journal, showcasing both the vexed and vibrant history of Jerusalem as idea and imagined space, and the rewards of pan-historical, comparative, interdisciplinary research.