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Text and Meaning: Contributions to a Revised Dictionary of Medieval Irish

文本和含义：对中世纪爱尔兰语修订词典的贡献

基本信息

批准号：
AH/L007428/1
负责人：
Gregory Toner
金额：
$ 100.28万
依托单位：
Queen's University Belfast
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2014
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2014 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FL007428%2F1
关键词：
Text Meaning Contributions Revised Dictionary

项目摘要

In western Scotland and Ireland, Gaelic languages which are remnants of the ancient Celtic languages of these islands, continue to be spoken in an unbroken tradition down to the present day. There exists in Gaelic one of the oldest and richest vernacular literatures in the medieval world stretching back to the sixth century. A vast body of material has survived through the ages and is preserved in libraries in Ireland, Britain and continental Europe. It contains a wide range of material dating from the 7th to the 17th centuries including secular law texts, religious explorations of Heaven and Hell, accounts of the history of the world, exquisite poetry and a body of narrative tales unparalleled anywhere in the world. These texts are written in earlier forms of Gaelic and would be largely impenetrable even to modern Gaelic speakers without the work of generations of scholars who have edited, translated and interpreted the texts.The primary tool for the interpretation of these texts has been the Royal Irish Academy's Dictionary of the Irish Language, which was published as 23 separate volumes starting in 1913 and ending in 1976. The completed dictionary runs to over 2000 pages and contains over 35,000 entries. It is the most authoritative and comprehensive dictionary of Irish and is widely considered of immense importance to Celtic and Irish scholarship around the world. Unfortunately, the vast majority of the Dictionary is now between 40 and 100 years old and many entries are well out of date. The proposed project will address this problem by examining 100 new textual editions that were not available to the original compilers of the Dictionary. In many cases these are texts that were completely unknown to the compilers while in other cases more recent and more authoritative editions have surpassed earlier efforts. The project will uncover previously unrecorded words, excise ghost words and suggest new or revised definitions, thereby providing scholars with a more comprehensive and authoritative source than was ever available before, and this will have significant impact on the quality of new textual scholarship for decades to come. In recent years, project staff have added words such as griogchan 'constellation', indladad 'pampering', and ainmesc 'alcohol free', to the Dictionary, as well as borrowings from French and English such as crosboga 'crossbow'. Research has also turned up occasional ironies, such as idirlion, the Modern Irish word for 'Internet', which is shown to have originally meant 'trap'.The Dictionary was brought into the 21st century in 2007 with the publication, funded by the AHRC, of an electronic edition (www.dil.ie). This made it much more accessible to scholars working in all areas associated with medieval Ireland and Scotland including linguists, historians, textual scholars, archaeologists, folklorists, Indo-Europeanists, and scholars of comparative literature and religion. The new revised Dictionary will contain much new information on words relating to agriculture, medicine, law, music, religion and society that will be of particular interest to historians and archaeologists nationally and internationally, and will trace the origin and development of words over a period of a thousand years. The Dictionary will be published online and a version will be made freely available for mobile devices. The general user will be able to subscribe to 'Word of the Day' which will introduce them to some of the more significant words and concepts in the early language. The rich vocabulary of the Dictionary is ripe for exploitation by creative writers and thinkers in the modern languages, and project staff will collaborate with authors, translators and terminologists to enable them to reinvigorate the vocabulary of the modern Gaelic languages, which suffered marginalisation and impoverishment in the 19th century, through active engagement with the earlier language.

在苏格兰西部和爱尔兰，盖尔语是这些岛屿上古代凯尔特语的残余，至今仍以不间断的传统继续使用。盖尔语是中世纪世界最古老、最丰富的地方文学之一，可以追溯到世纪。大量的资料流传下来，保存在爱尔兰、英国和欧洲大陆的图书馆里。它包含了从7世纪到17世纪的广泛材料，包括世俗法律文本，天堂和地狱的宗教探索，世界历史的帐户，精美的诗歌和世界上任何地方都无与伦比的叙事故事。这些文本是用早期的盖尔语写成的，如果没有几代学者的编辑、翻译和解释，即使是现代的盖尔语使用者也很难理解这些文本。解释这些文本的主要工具是皇家爱尔兰学院的《爱尔兰语词典》，从1913年开始出版，到1976年结束，共分23卷。完成的词典超过2000页，包含超过35，000个条目。它是爱尔兰语最权威和最全面的词典，被广泛认为对世界各地的凯尔特人和爱尔兰人的学术非常重要。不幸的是，这本词典的绝大多数都有40到100年的历史了，许多条目已经过时了。拟议的项目将通过审查《词典》最初编纂者没有的100个新的文本版本来解决这个问题。在许多情况下，这些文本是编纂者完全不知道的，而在其他情况下，较新和较权威的版本超过了以前的努力。该项目将发现以前未记录的单词，删除鬼词，并提出新的或修订的定义，从而为学者提供比以往任何时候都更全面和权威的来源，这将对未来几十年新文本学术的质量产生重大影响。近年来，项目工作人员在词典中增加了griogchan“星座”、indladad“宠爱”和ainmesc“无酒精”等词，以及从法语和英语中借用的词，如crosboga“十字弓”。研究还发现了一些具有讽刺意味的词，比如idirion，现代爱尔兰语中的“互联网”，原来的意思是“陷阱”。该词典于2007年被带入21世纪，由AHRC资助出版了电子版（www.dil.ie）。这使得在与中世纪爱尔兰和苏格兰相关的所有领域工作的学者更容易获得，包括语言学家，历史学家，文本学者，考古学家，民俗学家，印欧语系学者以及比较文学和宗教学者。新修订的词典将包含许多与农业、医学、法律、音乐、宗教和社会有关的词汇的新信息，这些信息将引起国内外历史学家和考古学家的特别兴趣，并将追溯一千年来词汇的起源和发展。该词典将在网上出版，并将免费提供移动的设备版本。一般用户将能够订阅“每日一词”，这将向他们介绍一些早期语言中更重要的单词和概念。该词典的丰富词汇已经成熟，可以由现代语言的创造性作家和思想家利用，项目工作人员将与作者，翻译和术语学家合作，使他们能够通过积极参与早期语言，重振现代盖尔语的词汇，这些语言在19世纪世纪遭受边缘化和排斥。