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Pelagios 4: studying the places of our past through the Early Geospatial Documents that refer to them

Pelagios 4：通过引用它们的早期地理空间文档来研究我们过去的地方

基本信息

批准号：
AH/M002225/1
负责人：
Elton Barker
金额：
$ 8.08万
依托单位：
The Open University
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2014
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2014 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FM002225%2F1
关键词：
Pelagios studying places our past

项目摘要

Being able to link - to go from one document to another - is one of the great facilitating features of the World Wide Web. It is how you are able to find out more about or get a different perspective on something that interests you at the click of a mouse. But how are these linkages enabled? Since 2011 Pelagios (http://pelagios-project.blogspot.com/) has been developing the means of linking independently created and hosted online resources together via their common references to place. This Linked Open Data approach essentially means: (i) having your document (whether that is a text, image, map or database, etc.) openly online; (ii) annotating ('tagging') all place references in the metadata that underlies your online document; and (iii) aligning those references to a Web-based gazetteer service that provides a unique global identifier (i.e. a unique code number) for individual places in the world. These annotations collectively form a Web-based network connecting documents to places and thus to one another. By these means, Pelagios has been playing a crucial role in creating a World Wide Web of antiquity, whereby scholars, students, cultural heritage providers or general enthusiasts can not only make their resources more discoverable and usable, but also enable others to find out about the cities of antiquity and explore the rich interconnections between them. Pelagios 4 builds on this essential infrastructural work to reflect on 5 key moments in the story of the history of geographic representation. In the pre-modern European and Mediterranean world (i.e. before the discovery of the Americas), geographic space was represented in a variety of ways - computational measurements of early Greek and Latin literature; accounts of sea voyages in the Mediterranean and Black Sea; itineraries of land routes in the Late Roman Empire; seafaring maps of coastlines from mediaeval Europe; and mediaeval pilgrimage literature. This project focuses on these sources and their contexts in order to identify and explore the many different ways in which the world was viewed and understood, before the development of standardizing global cartographic conventions (such as the Mercator projection) that followed the European discovery of the Americas in 1492. Taken together, these sources provide invaluable testimony to lost ways of thinking about the world that may serve to challenge our standardized image, which, if anything, has become even more dominant in the age of Google Maps and Google Earth. Yet, previously the study of Early Geospatial Documents has suffered from the difficulty of accessing the sources (particularly old maps) and finding information about places buried deep in lengthy texts. Due to digitization efforts, it is now possible to access these different kinds of information; and, thanks to Pelagios, these materials can now be easily linked together and aggregated, enabling texts to be read against other types of source (maps, archaeological data, etc.) and vice versa.Using the enriched context that Pelagios's Linked Open Data provides to these Early Geospatial Documents, Pelagios 4 will work with expert scholars to bring out the distinctive contribution of each type of document to the development of geospatial knowledge production from antiquity through to the mediaeval period. In particular we will be keen to address the continuities and discontinuities in conceptions of geographic space, the comparison of these ancient witnesses to the archaeological record, and the difference between textual and pictorial representation of space.

能够链接-从一个文档到另一个文档-是万维网最大的便利功能之一。这是你如何能够找到更多关于或得到一个不同的角度对你感兴趣的东西在点击鼠标。但这些联系是如何实现的？自2011年以来，Pelagios（http：//pelagios-project.blogspot.com/）一直在开发通过共同引用地点将独立创建和托管的在线资源链接在一起的方法。这种关联开放数据方法本质上意味着：（i）将您的文档（无论是文本、图像、地图还是数据库等）公开上网; ㈡对在线文件所依据的元数据中的所有地名参考资料进行注释（“标记”）; ㈢使这些参考资料与基于网络的地名录服务保持一致，该服务为世界上各个地方提供唯一的全球标识符（即唯一的代码）。这些注释共同形成了一个基于Web的网络，将文档连接到位置，从而彼此连接。通过这些手段，Pelagios在创建古代万维网方面发挥了至关重要的作用，学者，学生，文化遗产提供者或一般爱好者不仅可以使他们的资源更加可检索和可用，而且还可以使其他人了解古代城市并探索它们之间丰富的相互联系。Pelagios 4建立在这一重要的基础设施工作的基础上，反思了地理代表性历史上的5个关键时刻。在前现代的欧洲和地中海世界（即在美洲发现之前），地理空间以各种方式呈现-早期希腊和拉丁文学的计算测量;地中海和黑海的海上航行记录;罗马帝国晚期的陆路路线;中世纪欧洲海岸线的航海地图;以及中世纪的朝圣文学。该项目侧重于这些来源及其背景，以确定和探索在1492年欧洲人发现美洲之后制定标准化全球制图惯例（如墨卡托投影）之前，人们看待和理解世界的许多不同方式。综合起来，这些资料提供了宝贵的证据，证明人们对世界失去了思考方式，这种方式可能会挑战我们的标准化形象，如果说有什么不同的话，那就是在谷歌地图和谷歌地球时代，标准化形象变得更加占主导地位。然而，以前的早期地理空间文献的研究已经遭受了访问的来源（特别是旧地图），并发现在冗长的文本深埋的地方的信息的困难。由于数字化的努力，现在可以访问这些不同类型的信息;而且，由于Pelagios，这些材料现在可以很容易地链接在一起并汇总，使文本能够根据其他类型的来源（地图，考古数据等）阅读。利用Pelagios的链接开放数据为这些早期地理空间文件提供的丰富背景，Pelagios 4将与专家学者合作，展示每种类型的文件对从古代到中世纪的地理空间知识生产发展的独特贡献。特别是，我们将热衷于解决地理空间概念的连续性和不连续性，这些古代证人与考古记录的比较，以及空间的文本和图形表示之间的差异。