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Translating cultures and the legislated mediation of indigenous rights in Peru

秘鲁土著权利的文化翻译和立法调解

基本信息

批准号：
AH/M003566/1
负责人：
Rosaleen Howard
金额：
$ 20.77万
依托单位：
Newcastle University
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2014
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2014 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FM003566%2F1
关键词：
Translating cultures legislated mediation indigenous

项目摘要

This project will examine issues of cross-cultural communication of the law in negotiations that are currently taking place, on an escalated scale over the last three years, between the state and the indigenous populations of the Andean and Amazonian regions of Peru. These negotiations are framed by a Law on the Right to Prior Consultation, passed in 2011 under a newly elected government, which answers the internationally legislated right of indigenous peoples to be consulted on matters regarding the industrial development of their land, particularly where extraction of natural resources is at stake. The implementation of the principle of prior consultation in a multilingual and multicultural country like Peru, where Amerindian languages belonging to some 16 language families are spoken in addition to the majority language, Spanish, raises problems of communication across language and cultural boundaries, which are being addressed by a number of means. Under the terms of the Law on Prior Consultation adherence must be made to the Law of Language Rights (also passed in 2011), whereby the state must provide translators and interpreters to transmit the message of the Law and to mediate the consultations across cultural boundaries. The text of the Prior Consultation law has been translated into five indigenous languages, and more translations are being prepared. The state, under the aegis of the Viceministry of Interculturality (also created in 2011), is delivering an interpreter training programme from which more than a hundred bilingual speakers of Spanish with some twenty Amerindian languages between them have already graduated and are being contracted to work on the consultation sessions as they arise. This convergence in Peruvian social policy of concern with language rights of indigenous peoples and the right to prior consultation, brings together the spheres of law, health and the environment, in a way that creates new challenges for the state, as well as for the non-governmental organisations working in close contact with the rural populations around issues of equality. With the proposed project the investigators (two from the UK and one from Peru), take an interdisciplinary approach to researching the textual products (translations of the Law) and the social, cultural and linguistic processes (interpreter training and practice) that are emerging in this new conjuncture. To keep the scope manageable, we shall focus on translation of the text of the Law into four languages, two of the highlands (Quechua and Aymara) and two of Amazonia (Asháninka and Achuar); we shall be assisted in the task by bilingual consultants with linguistic training and experience of translation. We shall bring the tools of anthropological linguistics, Translation and Interpreting Studies, and sociolinguistics of Peruvian indigenous languages, to bear in addressing the overarching question: to what extent is translation and interpreting in contexts of mediation between the state and the indigenous communities in Peru achieving its ostensive aim of greater equality of treatment, contributing to more harmonious relations between state and indigenous populations in a hierarchical postcolonial society, while allowing sustainable economic development to take place in conditions satisfactory to all sides? To come close to the contexts in which the processes are taking place, we shall work with two Project Partners (a government ministry and a non-governmental organisation with access to the indigenous communities). We shall apply a mixed-method approach to data collection and analysis, using ELAN software to assist processing. We shall disseminate results through workshops and symposia in Peru and in the UK, as well as via a dedicated Project website and publications in academic journals. We shall ensure impact in Peru through public events in the regions where the consultations are taking place (Cuzco and Iquitos).

该项目将审查在过去三年中，秘鲁国家与安第斯和亚马逊地区土著居民之间正在进行的谈判中法律的跨文化交流问题。2011年，新当选的政府通过了《事先协商权法》（Law on the Right on the Prior Consultation），为这些谈判提供了框架。该法律回应了国际立法赋予土著人民的权利，即就其土地上的工业发展问题，特别是在涉及自然资源开采的情况下，征求他们的意见。在秘鲁这样一个多语言和多文化的国家，除使用多数语言西班牙语外，还使用属于大约16个语族的美洲印第安人语言，在执行事先协商原则时，产生了跨语言和文化界限交流的问题，目前正在通过一些手段加以解决。根据《事先协商法》的规定，必须遵守《语言权利法》（也于2011年通过），国家必须提供笔译和口译员，以传递法律的信息，并在跨文化边界的协商中进行调解。《事先协商法》的案文已被翻译成五种土著语文，目前正在编写更多的译本。在跨文化部副（也于2011年成立）的支持下，国家正在提供口译培训方案，已有100多名讲西班牙语和大约20种美洲印第安语的双语者毕业，并签订合同，在咨询会议出现时参与工作。秘鲁社会政策与土著人民的语言权利和事先协商权的融合，将法律、卫生和环境领域结合在一起，给国家以及在平等问题上与农村人口密切接触的非政府组织带来了新的挑战。在拟议的项目中，调查人员（两名来自英国，一名来自秘鲁）采用跨学科方法研究在这种新形势下出现的文本产品（法律翻译）和社会，文化和语言过程（口译培训和实践）。为了使范围易于管理，我们将重点把法律文本翻译成四种语言，两种高地语言（盖丘亚语和艾马拉语）和两种亚马逊语言（Asháninka和阿丘阿语）；我们将得到具有语言训练和翻译经验的双语顾问的协助。我们将运用人类学语言学、翻译和口译研究以及秘鲁土著语言社会语言学的工具来解决以下首要问题：在秘鲁，在国家与原住民社群调解的背景下，笔译与口译在多大程度上实现了更平等待遇的表面目标，有助于在等级森严的后殖民社会中国家与原住民之间建立更和谐的关系，同时让各方都满意的条件下实现可持续的经济发展？为了接近这些过程发生的背景，我们将与两个项目合作伙伴（一个政府部门和一个可以进入土著社区的非政府组织）合作。我们将采用混合方法收集和分析数据，使用ELAN软件协助处理。我们将通过在秘鲁和英国举办的讲习班和专题讨论会，以及通过专门的项目网站和学术期刊上的出版物来传播结果。我们将通过在正在进行协商的区域（库斯科和伊基托斯）举行公共活动，确保对秘鲁产生影响。