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The Ordered Universe: Interdisciplinary Readings of Medieval Science

有序的宇宙：中世纪科学的跨学科读物

基本信息

批准号：
AH/N001222/1
负责人：
G Gasper
金额：
$ 99.93万
依托单位：
Durham University
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2015
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2015 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FN001222%2F1
关键词：
Ordered Universe Interdisciplinary Readings Medieval

项目摘要

The Ordered Universe Research Project proposes a fresh, interdisciplinary examination of the 13 scientific treatises on natural phenomena by Robert Grosseteste (c.1170-1253). A noted reformer as bishop of Lincoln, political advisor, poet, theologian, philosopher, translator, and 'scientist', Grosseteste's thought marks a major turning point in western medieval intellectual history. He was able to fuse, in a remarkable way, ancient understanding of the natural world, principally that of Aristotle, with Christian learning and biblical revelation. Grosseteste's scientific works are central to this enterprise. They are his first encounter not only with Aristotle's natural philosophy, but also earlier commentaries on Aristotle from Islamic and Hebrew writers, all newly translated into Latin. In the scientific treatises Grosseteste developed his critical response to these authorities, deploying, in particular, original mathematical arguments and the evidence of his own observations of natural phenomena.There are, however, two significant impediments to a detailed assessment of Grosseteste's scientific thought. The first is the inadequacy of the current critical edition (1912). Its editor, Ludwig Baur, knew fewer than a third of the manuscripts now catalogued (research into the manuscript tradition of the treatise On the Rainbow identified substantial additions to the text, unknown to Baur). Moreover, Baur used later manuscripts, which preserve accumulated scribal errors, many of which are sufficient to obscure Grosseteste's meaning. The second impediment to a deeper understanding of Grosseteste's scientific works is the sophistication of his conceptual mathematical frameworks. Their elucidation, crucial for both the translation and the interpretation of his works, requires more than textual analysis alone. The complex nature of his scientific texts, their taut linguistic expression, and their computational virtuosity present intellectual challenges which can only be addressed with an interdisciplinary approach.The Ordered Universe project will do precisely this, with experts from both sciences and humanities. The core research team consists of medieval historians, linguists, palaeographers, theologians and philosophers, together with physicists, cosmologists, vision scientists, mathematicians, engineers, computer scientists and meteorologists. Through a series of collaborative research symposia, classic humanities research on the establishment of the text, its translation and interpretation, is enriched by scientific perspectives and analysis. These processes of collective translation and textual elucidation lead to genuinely interdisciplinary outputs. Grosseteste is not interpreted here with any anachronism, especially scientific; rather, the interpretative tools of humanities and scientific disciplines are used together to bring the text to life in all of its dimensions.The proposed project builds on a pilot study and an AHRC network grant. Working collaboratively with historic texts has also generated new science, published in leading scientific journals. Co-authored with humanities scholars, these papers drew the attention of the wider scientific community and were featured in two commentaries in Nature. Similar outputs are planned here, along with three stand-alone, humanities-led, articles on the significance of Grosseteste's scientific works. The wide range of academic beneficiaries is mirrored by the potential for public dialogue and impact. The Ordered Universe will collaborate with an award-winning widening participation scheme for university entrance, to create a module on Grosseteste's scientific world with material drawn from project research. A series of 16 public workshops in the UK, Europe and North America, with video record and an active website, will emphasise the cultural heritage of medieval science and its contemporary resonance, through presentation of one of the most dazzling minds of his generation.

有序宇宙研究计划提议对罗伯特·格罗斯泰斯特（约1170-1253）关于自然现象的13篇科学论文进行全新的、跨学科的研究。作为林肯主教、政治顾问、诗人、神学家、哲学家、翻译家和“科学家”等著名的改革家，格罗斯泰斯特的思想标志着西方中世纪思想史上的一个重大转折点。他能够以一种非凡的方式，将古代对自然世界的理解，主要是亚里士多德的理解，与基督教的知识和圣经的启示融合在一起。格罗斯泰斯特的科学著作是这项事业的核心。这些书不仅是他第一次接触到亚里士多德的自然哲学，而且也是他第一次接触到伊斯兰和希伯来作家对亚里士多德的早期评论，这些评论都是新近翻译成拉丁语的。在他的科学论文中，格罗斯泰斯特提出了他对这些权威的批判性回应，特别是运用了独创的数学论点和他自己对自然现象的观察的证据。然而，要详细评价格罗斯泰斯特的科学思想，有两个重大障碍。首先是当前批判版（1912年）的不足。它的编辑路德维希·鲍尔（Ludwig Baur）知道的手稿不到现在编目的三分之一（对《论彩虹》的手稿传统的研究发现了大量的文本添加，鲍尔不知道）。此外，鲍尔使用了后来的手稿，这些手稿保留了积累的抄写错误，其中许多足以模糊格罗斯泰斯特的意思。深入理解格罗斯泰斯特科学著作的第二个障碍是他复杂的概念数学框架。它们的阐发对于他的作品的翻译和阐释都是至关重要的，需要的不仅仅是文本分析。他的科学文本的复杂性，他们紧凑的语言表达，以及他们的计算精湛提出了智力挑战，只能通过跨学科的方法来解决。“有序宇宙”项目将与来自科学和人文学科的专家一起，精确地做到这一点。核心研究团队包括中世纪历史学家、语言学家、古生物学家、神学家和哲学家，以及物理学家、宇宙学家、视觉科学家、数学家、工程师、计算机科学家和气象学家。通过一系列的合作研究座谈会，对经典人文文学文本的确立、翻译和解释的研究，通过科学的视角和分析得到了丰富。这些集体翻译和文本阐释的过程导致了真正的跨学科产出。这里对Grosseteste的解释没有任何时代错误，尤其是科学错误；相反，人文学科和科学学科的解释工具被一起使用，使文本在所有维度上都栩栩如生。拟议的项目建立在一项试点研究和人权委员会网络赠款的基础上。与历史文献的合作也产生了新的科学，发表在主要的科学期刊上。这些论文与人文学者共同撰写，引起了更广泛的科学界的注意，并在《自然》杂志的两篇评论中出现。这里也计划有类似的产出，以及三篇以人文学科为主导的关于格罗斯泰斯特科学著作重要性的独立文章。广泛的学术受益者反映在公众对话和影响的潜力上。有序的宇宙将与获奖的大学入学扩大参与计划合作，用项目研究的材料创建一个关于Grosseteste科学世界的模块。在英国、欧洲和北美举办的一系列16场公共研讨会，配有视频记录和一个活跃的网站，将通过展示他那一代人中最耀眼的头脑之一，强调中世纪科学的文化遗产及其当代共鸣。