Senatorial Monuments: a new approach to the social dynamics of ideology formation in the Roman empire

元老院纪念碑：罗马帝国意识形态形成社会动态的新方法

• 批准号: AH/N003055/1
• 负责人: Amy Russell
• 金额: $ 17.43万
• 依托单位: Durham University
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Fellowship
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2016 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FN003055%2F1
• 关键词: Senatorial; Monuments; new; approach; social

The Roman empire produced a vibrant and enduring set of images linked to ideological claims about imperial power, from the portraits of emperors on coins which reached every corner of the known world to the towering temples of Rome itself. They proclaimed the glory of the emperor: his personal virtues, the size and wealth of his realm, and the fearsome might of his armies. Yet the imagery and ideology of Roman imperial power was not imposed by the emperor by diktat from above, but evolved in a collaborative, multi-level process which left room for various individuals and groups within Roman society to assert their agency and even resistance. By gathering experts from around the world who work in all areas of Classics to debate how imperial ideology developed and functioned, the project will develop new methods and approaches which do not assume that all imperial ideology is top-down propaganda. The result will be a model of ideology formation which takes into account how different social groups portrayed the emperor and imperial power, created and propagated their own identities and conceptions of their place in the imperial system, and reacted to ideas and images disseminated by others both above and below them in the social scale. The project will produce two main results: a volume with contributions by the invited experts which will outline the new model, and an extended case study which will put it to the test by examining one particular group's contribution. Some of the most iconic monuments which still stand in the city of Rome, from the Ara Pacis Augustae (Altar of Augustan Peace) to Trajan's Column to the Arch of Constantine, are indelibly linked with the names of individual emperors. But these three monuments and many others like them were not built by the emperors whom their names memorialize, but by the Roman Senate in the emperors' honour - a fact often noted in passing by scholars but usually then dismissed as insignificant. My project, which covers a period of some 300 years from Augustus to Constantine, proposes to offer a complete re-evaluation of these well-known monuments. It will be the first to take seriously the fact that they were commissioned and funded by the Senate, and acted as messages from the Senate to both the emperor and the wider population. The monuments are important evidence for how imperial power was understood and each makes its own contribution to imperial imagery and ideology. The imagery of peaceful abundance on the Ara Pacis was a cornerstone of Augustus' Golden Age ideology and was widely imitated in private monuments; the inscription giving credit to an unspecified deity on the Arch of Constantine may document the moment when the Christian god was first integrated into the official language of imperial power. The Senate, not the emperor, controlled these pivotal moments of image-making and ideology formation. A reevaluation of Rome's surviving senatorial monuments will enhance our understanding of the monuments themselves, the imperial Senate and its relationship with the emperor, and the processes involved in image-making and ideology formation under the Roman empire.

罗马帝国创造了一系列充满活力和经久不衰的图像，与关于帝国权力的意识形态主张有关，从硬币上的皇帝肖像到罗马本身高耸的寺庙，这些肖像覆盖了已知世界的每一个角落。他们宣扬皇帝的荣耀：他的个人美德，他的王国的面积和财富，以及他的军队令人敬畏的力量。然而，罗马帝国权力的形象和意识形态并不是皇帝从上而下强加的，而是在一个合作的、多层次的过程中演变的，这为罗马社会中的各种个人和团体留出了空间，让他们维护自己的机构，甚至进行抵抗。通过召集世界各地从事古典文学各个领域工作的专家，讨论帝国意识形态是如何发展和运作的，该项目将开发新的方法和途径，而不是假设所有的帝国意识形态都是自上而下的宣传。其结果将是一个意识形态形成模型，该模型考虑到不同的社会群体如何描绘皇帝和皇权，创造和传播自己在皇室制度中地位的身份和概念，以及对社会规模上和下的其他人传播的思想和形象做出反应。该项目将产生两个主要成果：一卷载有受邀专家的贡献，将概述新模式；另一卷扩大的案例研究，将通过审查某一特定群体的贡献来对其进行检验。一些最具标志性的纪念碑仍然矗立在罗马城，从Ara Pacis Augustae(奥古斯都和平祭坛)到图拉真柱子到君士坦丁拱门，都与个别皇帝的名字不可磨灭地联系在一起。但这三座纪念碑和其他许多类似的纪念碑，并不是由他们的名字纪念的皇帝建造的，而是由罗马元老院为纪念皇帝而建造的--学者们经常顺便提到这一事实，但通常会认为它微不足道。我的项目涵盖了从奥古斯都到君士坦丁大约300年的时间，提议对这些著名的古迹进行完整的重新评估。这将是第一个认真对待他们是由参议院委托和资助的事实，并充当参议院向皇帝和更广泛的民众发出的信息。这些纪念碑是如何理解帝国权力的重要证据，每个纪念碑都对帝国形象和意识形态做出了自己的贡献。Ara Pacis上和平丰富的意象是奥古斯都黄金时代思想的基石，在私人纪念碑中被广泛模仿；君士坦丁拱门上授予未指明神的铭文可能记录了基督教神第一次被纳入帝国权力的官方语言的时刻。控制形象塑造和意识形态形成的关键时刻的是元老院，而不是皇帝。对罗马现存的参议员纪念碑进行重新评估，将有助于我们加深对这些纪念碑本身、元老院及其与皇帝的关系，以及罗马帝国时期形象塑造和意识形态形成过程的了解。

项目成果

The Alternative Augustan Age

另类奥古斯都时代

• 发表时间: 2019
• 作者: Russell, A

Augustus and the destruction of history: the politics of the past in early imperial Rome

奥古斯都与历史的毁灭：早期罗马帝国过去的政治

• 发表时间: 2019
• 作者: Russell, A.