Queer Italia Network

直到20世纪90年代，“酷儿”在很大程度上被理解为对同性恋者的虐待。从那时起，它已经被活动家和学者重新寻求验证困扰或违反社会规范的身份和性取向：这些包括一夫一妻制，生殖异性恋是标准的概念，任何其他形式的欲望或性行为都是“偏差”。“酷儿”通常被认为是指任何与“正常”不一致的存在方式。在意大利背景下，对酷儿经历的研究是迫切需要的，原因有三：1）在意大利，仍然没有国家立法来保护女同性恋、男同性恋、双性恋、变性人/跨性别者和酷儿（LGBTQ）个人的权利，也没有打击歧视的运动，以解决学校中的同性恋欺凌问题，保护LGBTQ寻求庇护者，和挑战偏见受到了“Sentinelle in piedi”（常设哨兵）等团体的攻击，这些团体反对寻求保护LGBTQ个人权利的倡议。这种情况意味着歧视现象普遍存在，受害者无法诉诸法律保护自己。2)意大利对酷儿生活和现象的研究很少，部分原因是意大利学术界普遍抵制酷儿理论和方法，包括对种族、民族、性和性别的社会和文化结构的批判性和跨学科分析。尽管如此，意大利的背景提供了大量的酷儿思想和行动主义，需要批判性的关注，以更充分地理解不断变化的性表达和体验。该项目还将分析谴责性歧视和种族歧视的重要反对声音，例如，包括LGBTQ移民和因性歧视寻求庇护的难民社区。这将重振辩论人类经验的一个重要方面，并将有助于在重要的方式多个学科（包括文学研究，性，性别和性研究，人文地理，社会学，文化和媒体研究的历史），以及政策（项目组（PT）将写一份文件，使LGBTQ权利问题的研究建议）。3)虽然许多知名学者呼吁更广泛地参与不同语言背景下出现的酷儿思想和观点，但酷儿理论仍然专注于英语世界，尚未与意大利思想就性和其他形式的异议进行对话。然而，如前所述，意大利传统提供了丰富的理论立场和文化干预，包括行动主义和当代行为艺术，这可能会影响，挑战和重塑现有的英语理论。与当代和历史上激进的意大利性思想的对话，以及与通过艺术或戏剧处理这一问题和其他酷儿主题的文化实践者的对话，也可能使酷儿研究学者克服一些人认为是当前思维的绊脚石。该项目将集中在以下问题上：1）理论和实践：讲英语的酷儿理论在意大利是如何被接受的？意大利文化中发展了哪些酷儿观点和实践？跨国对话如何促进更大的学术和社会调查以及对英语和意大利语酷儿背景的理解？2)代表性和重新占用：如何在意大利媒体和文化中表现酷儿生活，时刻和政治，以及酷儿观点如何影响并提供主流当代和历史媒体形式的替代品？3)间隙空间/时间性：从关于阶级、性、性别、种族和移民的酷儿理论和创造性探索中可以获得什么样的见解？

Until the 1990s, 'queer' was largely understood as a term of abuse for homosexuals. Since then, it has been reclaimed by activists and scholars seeking to validate identities and sexualities that trouble or transgress social norms: these include the notion that monogomous, reproductive heterosexuality is the standard, and that any other forms of desire or sexual practice are 'deviations'. 'Queer' is often taken to mean any way of being that is at odds with what is considered 'normal'. Research on queer experiences in the Italian context is urgently required for three reasons: 1) In Italy, there is still no national legislation to protect the rights of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transsexual/transgender and queer (LGBTQ) individuals, and campaigns to combat discrimination, to tackle homophobic bullying in schools, to protect LGBTQ asylum seekers, and to challenge prejudice are under attack from groups such as the 'Sentinelle in piedi' (Standing Sentinels) who oppose initiatives that seek to protect the rights of LGBTQ individuals. This situation means that discrimination is widespread, and victims have no recourse to the law to protect them. 2) Very little research on queer lives and phenomena has been carried out in Italy, partly because the Italian academy is generally resistant to queer theories and methodologies, including critical and interdisciplinary analyses of social and cultural constructions of race, ethnicity, sexuality, and gender. Despite this, the Italian context offers a wealth of queer thought and activism that demands critical attention in order to understand more fully the changing expressions and experiences of sexuality. This project will also analyse important dissenting voices that denounce sexual and racial discrimination, for example, including amongst communities of LGBTQ immigrants and refugees seeking asylum due to sexual discrimination. This will reinvigorate debate on a crucial aspect of human experience and will contribute in important ways to multiple academic disciplines (including Literary Studies, History of Sexuality, Gender and Sexuality Studies, Human Geography, Sociology, Cultural and Media Studies), as well as to policy (the Project Team (PT) will write a paper making research recommendations on issues of LGBTQ rights). 3) While many established scholars have called for wider engagement with queer ideas and perspectives that have emerged in different linguistic contexts, queer theories continue to remain focussed on the Anglophone world, and have not yet entered into dialogue with Italian thought on sexual and other forms of dissidence. However, as mentioned, the Italian tradition offers a rich array of theoretical positions and cultural interventions, including activism and contemporary performance art, that might contextualize, challenge and reshape existing Anglophone theories. Dialogue with contemporary and historical radical Italian thought on sexuality, as well as with cultural practitioners who tackle this and other queer subjects through art or theatre, may also enable queer studies scholars to overcome what some see as stumbling blocks in current thinking.The project will focus on the following questions:1) Theories and Practices: How have Anglophone queer theories been received in Italy and what queer perspectives and practices have developed in Italian culture? How might transnational dialogues foster larger academic and social investigations and understanding of both the Anglophone and Italian queer contexts?2) Representation and Reappropriation: How are queer lives, moments and politics represented in Italian media and culture, and how do queer perspectives impact on and provide alternatives to dominant contemporary and historical media forms?3) Interstitial Spaces/Temporalities: What insights can be gained from queer theoretical and creative explorations of class, sex, gender, race, and migration that focus on intersectionality and inbetweenness?