What is humanitarian news? A multi-sited study of how journalists define, debate and reproduce the boundaries of humanitarianism

什么是人道主义新闻？

• 批准号: AH/N00731X/1
• 负责人: Martin Scott
• 金额: $ 22.66万
• 依托单位: University of East Anglia
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2016 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FN00731X%2F1
• 关键词: What; humanitarian; news; multi; sited

The rapid spread of new forms of digital media production and reception around the globe is often seen as bringing about a 'contemporary flourishing of humanitarianism' (Barnett and Weiss 2013:9). Yet no one has ever studied the world's largest humanitarian news agencies, whose output is regarded as highly influential for relief workers, policy makers and donors working in humanitarian response. In particular, we know almost nothing about such news agencies' approaches to humanitarianism, news-making, and the relationship between the two. Nor do we yet understand much about the distinctive characteristics of the texts humanitarian news agencies produce. The main objective of this research is to remedy this situation by conducting a 12 month comparative analysis of two major global sources of humanitarian news, Integrated Regional Information Networks (IRIN) and the Thomson Reuters Foundation (TRF). This is made possible by the unprecedented level of access to these organisations we have been able to achieve. Indeed, we have already been conducting a small-scale pilot study with IRIN since January 2015 in which we have tested our methodology, refined our research questions and developed a suitable project management model. Our research will focus on three main areas. First, we are interested in what different people within these organisations think humanitarianism is. Does the concept of humanitarianism imply a certain threshold of suffering - either in terms of the number of people affected or the severity of the crisis? Is it more important to focus the immediate aftermath of a disaster or the slow-onset of chronic crises and efforts to prevent them? Secondly, we are concerned with the ways in which the routines and practices of news production affect journalists' ability to pursue the forms of humanitarian news that they value. How does physical location, online collaborative working and the use of different digital media shape humanitarian news content, for example?Thirdly, we aim to investigate what distinguishes the actual outputs of IRIN and TRF from each other and from that of other news organisations - especially the BBC World Service (BBCWS) and Reuters. Do humanitarian news organisations represent suffering in distinct ways? How do they attribute responsibility and frame the consequences of humanitarian crises? What, if anything, is unique about their sourcing practices, and use of multi-media material? In order to answer these three sets of research questions we will be conducting (1) extensive newsroom observations with IRIN, TRF, the BBCWS and Reuters, primarily in London, but also in Bangkok and Nairobi, (2) regular interviews with relevant journalists and editors and (3) a long-term content analysis and framing analysis of their outputs, over a 12 month period. Our model of project management involves fortnightly and quarterly team meetings, routine reporting to research partners and a reciprocal process of researcher skill-sharing, all overseen by a project mentor. The results of our study will be disseminated directly to IRIN and TRF and to academics in media studies, journalism studies and development studies as well as relevant news organisations, funders, regulators, public service broadcasters, the humanitarian sector and the general public. Results will be disseminated through social and mainstream media, academic articles, conference papers, an industry focussed final report and a 'fusion' dissemination event.

新形式的数字媒体制作和接收在地球仪的迅速传播通常被视为带来了“当代人道主义的繁荣”（巴内特和韦斯，2013：9）。然而，从来没有人研究过世界上最大的人道主义新闻机构，它们的产出被认为对从事人道主义反应的救援人员、决策者和捐助者具有很大的影响力。特别是，我们对这些新闻机构的人道主义、新闻制作以及两者之间的关系几乎一无所知。我们也不太了解人道主义新闻机构制作的文本的独特特征。这项研究的主要目的是纠正这种情况，对全球两个主要的人道主义新闻来源-综合区域信息网和汤姆森路透社基金会-进行为期12个月的比较分析。这是由于我们能够达到前所未有的接触这些组织的水平。事实上，自2015年1月以来，我们已经与IRIN进行了一项小规模的试点研究，我们测试了我们的方法，改进了我们的研究问题，并开发了一个合适的项目管理模型。我们的研究将集中在三个主要领域。首先，我们感兴趣的是这些组织中不同的人认为人道主义是什么。人道主义的概念是否意味着某种程度的痛苦-无论是受影响的人数还是危机的严重程度？重点关注灾难的直接后果还是关注缓慢发生的长期危机和预防危机的努力更重要？第二，我们关注的是新闻制作的惯例和做法如何影响记者追求他们所重视的人道主义新闻形式的能力。例如，物理位置、在线协作工作和不同数字媒体的使用如何影响人道主义新闻内容？第三，我们的目标是调查综合区域信息网和扶轮基金会的实际产出彼此之间以及与其他新闻机构--特别是英国广播公司世界服务（BBCWS）和路透社--的实际产出之间的区别。人道主义新闻机构是否以不同的方式代表苦难？它们如何确定责任并界定人道主义危机的后果？如果有的话，他们的采购做法和多媒体材料的使用有什么独特之处？为了回答这三组研究问题，我们将在12个月期间内进行（1）与综合区域新闻网、扶轮基金会、英国广播公司新闻社和路透社进行广泛的新闻编辑室观察，主要在伦敦，但也在曼谷和内罗毕;（2）与有关记者和编辑进行定期访谈;（3）对其产出进行长期的内容分析和框架分析。我们的项目管理模式包括每两周和每季度一次的团队会议，向研究合作伙伴的例行报告以及研究人员技能共享的互惠过程，所有这些都由项目导师监督。我们的研究结果将直接分发给综合区域信息网和扶轮基金会，以及媒体研究、新闻研究和发展研究的学者，以及相关的新闻机构、资助者、监管机构、公共服务广播机构、人道主义部门和公众。研究结果将通过社会和主流媒体、学术文章、会议论文、行业聚焦的最终报告和“融合”传播活动进行传播。

项目成果

The Routledge Handbook of Humanitarian Communication

劳特利奇人道主义传播手册

• 发表时间: 2018
• 作者: Scott M

The Oxford University Press Handbook of Journalism

牛津大学出版社新闻手册

• 发表时间: 2018
• 作者: Bunce M

Communication in International Development : Doing Good or Looking Good?

国际发展中的沟通：做好事还是好看？

• 发表时间: 2018
• 作者: Florencia Enghel;Jessica Noske
• 通讯作者: Jessica Noske

The Influence of News Coverage on Humanitarian Aid: The Bureaucrats' Perspective

新闻报道对人道主义援助的影响：官僚的视角

• DOI: 10.1080/1461670x.2021.2013129
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Journalism Studies
• 影响因子: 3
• 作者: Scott M

The State of Humanitarian Journalism

• 发表时间: 2018-10
• 作者: M. Scott;Mel Bunce;K. Wright