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Living with Monuments: life and cultural landscape between the 4th and 2nd millennia BC in the Avebury region, Wiltshire

与古迹共存：公元前 4 世纪至 2 世纪期间威尔特郡埃夫伯里地区的生活和文化景观

基本信息

批准号：
AH/N007506/1
负责人：
Carl Pollard
金额：
$ 99.49万
依托单位：
University of Southampton
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2016
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2016 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FN007506%2F1
关键词：
Living Monuments life cultural landscape

项目摘要

The great ceremonial and funerary monuments of the Neolithic and Early Bronze Age (EBA) have attracted considerable academic and public attention, but the wider social worlds of routine, subsistence and settlement within which they were created remain poorly understood and often elusive. Visitors to sites such as Stonehenge and Avebury often ask how and where the people who constructed and used these monuments lived. These have not been easy questions to answer. The scale and permanence of constructions like the Avebury henge, Stonehenge and Silbury Hill contrast markedly with the ephemeral character of everyday activity during the Neolithic and EBA (c.3800-1500BC), and for this reason archaeological narratives of social life during these periods have often been crafted around 'goings on' at highly visible monuments.The Living with Monuments Project seeks to redress the balance by examining the record of settlement and related activities within a landscape that is famed for its prehistoric ceremonial monuments: the Upper Kennet Valley, Wiltshire, in the Avebury component of the Stonehenge and Avebury World Heritage Site (WHS). The project aims to identify the extent, scale, density, character and tempo of human settlement in the core of the region during the Neolithic and EBA; the relationship between people's living within the landscape and its progressive monumentalisation, in terms of how monument building may have structured settlement (e.g. drawing people into the region), and the way that settlement imparted a history to places that could lead to their subsequent conversion into monumental spaces; and to better define the environment within which such activity took place. A subsidiary concern is to understand how life within this landscape was lived in relation to certain natural features which we know received especial attention, such as the distinctive spreads of sarsen stone.In order to explore these issues, a programme of targeted fieldwork will be undertaken on a series of sites in a range of topographic zones. Some are known locations of Neolithic settlement; others locations where good settlement and environmental evidence is suspected to be preserved under hillwash and flood sediments; and at the sites of monuments that look to have developed out of settlement locations. This work will variously involve gridded surface collection of artefacts to map traces of activity, geophysical survey, coring of deposits, test pitting and full excavation. Dealing with the ephemeral traces that routine activity of this date leaves will require new ways of investigating, theorising and interpreting the evidence; a challenge this project seeks to embrace, with the view of developing approaches which can then be applied elsewhere.In collaboration with the Alexander Keiller Museum, the project will integrate, analyse and bring to full publication for the first time earlier episodes of fieldwork on flint scatter sites in the area. This will include writing up programmes of work undertaken by Holgate and Thomas in the early 1980s, by the National Trust and English Heritage in advance of arable reversion in the 1990s and 2000s, and by early 20th-century collections by amateur archaeologists. Collaboration with the National Trust and a dedicated outreach programme will ensure the results of this work are communicated to stakeholder communities local to international. The work will also inform future management of fragile settlement traces.The project will be directed by researchers from the Universities of Southampton and Leicester, supported by colleagues from the National Trust, Ghent University and Allen Environmental Archaeology. It will build upon the work undertaken previously by Evans and Whittle on the region's post-glacial environmental history and Neolithic archaeology, and that of the Longstones Project (1999-2003) and, within the wider WHS, the Stonehenge Riverside Project (2004-2009).

新石器时代和青铜时代早期(EBA)的伟大仪式和葬礼纪念碑吸引了相当大的学术和公众关注，但它们被创造出来的更广泛的社会世界--例行公事、生存和定居--仍然鲜为人知，而且往往难以捉摸。参观巨石阵和埃夫伯里等遗址的游客经常会问，建造和使用这些纪念碑的人是如何生活的，住在哪里。回答这些问题并非易事。埃夫伯里巨石阵、巨石阵和锡尔伯里山等建筑的规模和持久性与新石器时代和公元前1500年(公元前3800-1500年)时期日常活动的短暂特征形成了鲜明对比，因此，考古学上对这些时期社会生活的叙述往往围绕着非常显眼的古迹进行。与古迹共处项目试图通过研究以史前仪式纪念碑而闻名的景观中的聚落和相关活动的记录来纠正这种平衡：威尔特郡上肯内特山谷，位于巨石阵和艾夫伯里世界遗产(WHS)的艾夫伯里组成部分。该项目旨在确定新石器时代和EBA时期该地区核心地区人类聚落的范围、规模、密度、特征和节奏；人们在景观中的生活与其逐渐形成的纪念碑之间的关系，即纪念性建筑可能如何组织聚落(例如，吸引人们进入该地区)，以及聚落赋予可能导致随后将其转变为纪念性空间的地方的历史的方式；并更好地定义发生这种活动的环境。一个次要的关注是了解这一景观中的生命是如何与我们所知的受到特别关注的某些自然特征有关的，例如萨森石的独特扩展。为了探索这些问题，将在一系列地形地带的一系列地点进行有针对性的田野调查。其中一些是已知的新石器时代聚落地点；另一些地点被怀疑在山水和洪水沉积物下保存了良好的聚落和环境证据；以及在看起来是从聚落地点发展而来的古迹遗址。这项工作将涉及各种不同的工作，包括对文物进行网格表面收集，以绘制活动痕迹图，进行地球物理调查，对矿床进行取心，测试坑洞和全面挖掘。处理这一日期日常活动留下的短暂痕迹将需要新的方法来调查、推理和解释证据；这是该项目寻求迎接的挑战，以期开发出可应用于其他地方的方法。该项目将与亚历山大·基勒博物馆合作，首次整合、分析和全面公布该地区打火石散布地点的早期田野工作。这将包括撰写霍尔盖特和托马斯在20世纪80年代初进行的工作计划，国家信托基金和英国遗产在20世纪90年代和21世纪初进行的可耕作归还之前的工作计划，以及20世纪初业余考古学家的收藏品。与国家信托基金的协作和专门的外联方案将确保将这项工作的结果传达给当地和国际的利益攸关方社区。这项工作还将为未来管理脆弱的定居点痕迹提供信息。该项目将由南安普顿大学和莱斯特大学的研究人员指导，并得到国家信托基金、根特大学和艾伦环境考古学的同事的支持。它将以埃文斯和惠特尔以前在该地区冰川后环境史和新石器时代考古以及长石项目(1999-2003年)和更广泛的世界遗产中心范围内的巨石阵河滨项目(2004-2009年)所开展的工作为基础。