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Reading Euclid: Euclid's Elements of Geometry and its reception in Britain and Ireland, 1570-1700

阅读欧几里得：欧几里得的几何原理及其在英国和爱尔兰的接受，1570-1700 年

基本信息

批准号：
AH/N009053/1
负责人：
Benjamin Sutherland Wardhaugh
金额：
$ 62.35万
依托单位：
University of Oxford
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2016
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2016 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FN009053%2F1
关键词：
Reading Euclid Elements Geometry its

项目摘要

Euclid's Elements of Geometry was written in about 300 B.C. in Alexandria on the north coast of Egypt. Its long history of active use and re-use passes through the Arabic and Latin Middle Ages as well as the European Renaissance, and it has been a touchstone for mathematical training as well as a spur to new mathematical research for more than two thousand years. This project looks at Euclid's Elements in Britain and Ireland during the century of the Scientific Revolution, when standards of geometrical proof were being actively questioned by mathematicians, but when geometrical methods were also being deliberately brought into other fields, most obviously natural philosophy. In the period from 1560 to 1700 dozens of new editions of the Elements were printed, and it was certainly the most widely read mathematical book of the time. We will study these editions and the choices they made - about the content and layout of the Elements, which topics to include and which versions of the proofs to print - to help understand the unique position the book occupied and how that position was shaped and maintained. We will also study the things people did when they had the Elements in their hands. Some wrote in it; some cut out the diagrams; some pasted in extra material. By looking at many examples we will build up a picture of the kinds of ways early modern people engaged with the Elements - schoolchildren, working men, teachers and scholars - which will help to understand the book's role in their lives and in culture. No mathematical book had such an impact on early modern culture, yet the Elements in this period has never been the subject of a dedicated study. The proposed project will involve two years of work on archival and printed sources in Oxford and London.

欧几里得的《几何原理》于公元前300年左右在埃及北部海岸的亚历山大写成。它积极使用和重复使用的悠久历史贯穿了阿拉伯和拉丁中世纪以及欧洲文艺复兴时期，在两千多年的时间里，它一直是数学训练的试金石，也是新数学研究的推动力。这个项目着眼于科学革命时期英国和爱尔兰的欧几里得《几何原理》，当时几何证明的标准受到数学家的积极质疑，但几何方法也被有意引入其他领域，最明显的是自然哲学。从1560年到1700年，《数学原理》出版了几十个新版本，它无疑是当时阅读最广泛的数学书籍。我们将研究这些版本和他们所做的选择——关于《要素》的内容和布局，包括哪些主题，打印哪些版本的校样——以帮助理解这本书所占据的独特地位，以及这种地位是如何形成和保持的。我们还将研究人们在掌握元素时所做的事情。有人在上面写字；有些人剪下了图表；有些人粘贴了额外的材料。通过观察许多例子，我们将建立一幅早期现代人与《元素》接触的各种方式的图景——学童、工人、教师和学者——这将有助于理解这本书在他们的生活和文化中的作用。没有一本数学书籍对早期现代文化有如此大的影响，但这一时期的《元素》从未成为专门研究的主题。该项目将在牛津和伦敦进行为期两年的档案和印刷资料工作。