Hunting for Rare Treasure with Machine Learning: Gravitational Lensing and Glitches in the Euclid space telescope and Vera Rubin Observatory

超大质量黑洞的喷流极大地影响了星系在宇宙历史上的成长和变化。喷流在星际和星系间介质中传输能量，影响恒星形成的时间和地点，并控制着当今星系的大小和外观。我们在OU的团队已经率先采用了评估喷流对其宿主星系影响的方法，但直到最近，我们对黑洞/星系相互作用的理解受到了以前无线电调查的限制，这些调查只给出了最亮系统的偏见观点，特别是在高红移的情况下。我们正处于射电天文学领域快速增长的时期，新技术使射电宇宙的深度和广域视野成为可能。我们在OU的小组在国际LOFAR望远镜（www.lofar-surveys.org）的调查中发挥了主导作用。LOFAS望远镜覆盖了整个欧洲，其核心在荷兰，观测站从爱尔兰到波兰。除了提供迄今为止在广泛的天体物理环境中最深入的喷流视图外，LOFAS在最低无线电频率上的灵敏度提供了喷流生命周期各个阶段的独特视图，因为最低频率可以探测到较老的无线电等离子体。LOFAR调查的第二次数据发布将于2022年进行，其中包含约400万个射电源，使其成为有史以来规模最大的射电天空调查。在进行主要调查的同时，我们还可以获得新的亚弧秒成像，这充分得益于LOFAS的国际基准样本和感兴趣的物体。这个博士项目将涉及使用这些丰富的新数据集来构建数千个在以前的调查中未检测到的低亮度射流种群的样本，目的是确定高分辨率和多波长跟踪的有趣种群。您将使用我们开发的新方法，结合射流种群的仔细形态学分类，以及有关hos星系特性和源年龄的信息，确定射流活动和环境影响的典型生命周期如何依赖于宿主星系和黑洞质量，大尺度环境，以及这些周期如何随着红移而演变。

Jets from supermassive black holes dramatically affect how galaxies grow and change over the history of the universe. Jets transport energy through the interstellar and intergalactic medium, influencing when and where stars are formed, and controlling the size and appearance of present-day galaxies. Our team at the OU have pioneered methods of assessing the impact of jets on their host galaxies, but until recently our understanding of black-hole/galaxy interplay was greatly hindered by the limits of previous radio surveys that give a biased view of only the brightest systems, particularly at high redshifts.We are in a period of rapid growth in the field of radio astronomy, with new technology enabling very deep, wide-area views of the radio Universe. Our group at the OU has a leading role in surveys with the International LOFAR Telescope (www.lofar-surveys.org). The LOFAS telescope spans all of Europe, with its core in the Netherlands, and stations from Ireland to Poland. As well as providing the deepest view of jets to date, across a wide range of astrophysical environments, LOFAS's sensitivity at the lowest radio frequencies provides a unique view of jets at all stages in their life cycles, because the lowest frequencies enable the detection of older radio plasma.The second data release of the LOFAR surveys will take place in 2022, and contain around 4 million radio sources, making it the biggest ever survey of the radio sky. In parallel to the main survey we also have access to new subarcsec imaging that fully benefits from LOFAS's international baselines for samples and objects of interest. This PhD project will involve using these rich new datasets to construct samples of thousands of low-luminosity jet populations not detected in previous surveys with the aim of identifying interesting populations for high-resolution and multi-wavelength follow up. You will combine careful morphological classification of jet populations, using new methods we have developed, with information about hos galaxy properties and source ages to determine how typical life cycles of jet activity and environmental impact depend on host galaxy and black hole mass, large-scale environment, and how these cycles evolve with redshift.