ATTITUDE-BEHAVIOR PROCESSES, STRESS AND MENTAL HEALTH

这项研究的长期目标是了解个体如何 组织和应对他们的社会环境。这项工作的中心是 态度的功能价值，并考察态度的过程 态度有助于简化精神健康个体的行为。 关于态度及其从记忆中激活的模型已经被提出 建议。该模型以联合的强度为中心 态度客体与评价客体之间的记忆 过去的研究已经发现，这种联系的力量决定了 态度会在记忆中激活的可能性 个人遇到的物体，反过来又决定了 态度的力量和功能性。 五个项目，每个项目都涉及一系列的调查，建议如下 各种理论和经验工作的延续 在过去的赠款期间一直在进行的项目。项目I涉及 对PI最近提出的倍数模型的进一步检验 态度可以指导行为的过程。一个相对的 基于自动态度激活的自发过程已经被 与更深思熟虑的过程相比，条件是 已指定将一个进程提升到另一个进程之上。项目II 继续努力改进我们用来评估的方法 态度的自动激活，达到它可以充分 作为个人态度的间接、不显眼的衡量标准。 项目三的中心是无障碍态度的功能价值。 实验室实验和实地研究的最新发现表明 演示了这样的功能。项目III涉及继续 实地调研，考察新生入学适应情况 与大学生活和获得的证据相关联的无障碍 对心理健康问题的态度。项目IV解决了迄今为止的一个问题 未经审查的问题，即可获得态度的代价。它是 表明平易近人的态度可能会让个人 思想封闭，对态度对象可能发生的变化无动于衷 随着时间的推移而展出。项目V考察了态度的一个含义 劝说的模范。计划中的实验重点是研究 一种特别有说服力的策略，用于改变高度 可从内存访问，因此通常会阻止 反劝说。

The research has the long-term objective of understanding how individuals structure and cope with their social environments. The work centers upon the functional value of attitudes and examines the processes by which attitudes serve to simplify the behavior of mentally healthy individuals. A model concerning attitudes and their activation from memory has been proposed. The model centers upon the strength of the association in memory between the attitude object and one's evaluation of the object Past research has found the strength of this association to determine the likelihood that the attitude will be activated from memory upon the individual's encountering the object, which, in turn, determines the power and functionality of the attitude. Five projects, each involving a series of investigations, are proposed as a continuation of the various lines of theoretical and empirical work that have been pursued during the past grant period. Project I involves further tests of the PI's recently proposed model of the multiple processes by which attitudes can guide behavior. A relatively spontaneous process based upon automatic attitude activation has been contrasted with a more deliberative process, and the conditions that promote one process over the other have been specified. Project II continues efforts to refine the methodology that we have used to assess the automatic activation of attitudes to the point that it can adequately serve as an indirect, unobtrusive measure of an individual's attitude. Project III centers upon the functional value of accessible attitudes. Recent findings from both laboratory experiments and field studies have demonstrated such functionality. Project III involves a continuation of the field research efforts, which examined entering freshmen's adjustment to college life and obtained evidence of the relevance of accessible attitudes to mental health concerns. Project IV addresses an heretofore unexamined issue, namely, the costs of accessible attitudes. It is suggested that accessible attitudes can leave the individual rather closed-minded and impervious to changes that the attitude object might exhibit over time. Project V examines an implication of the attitude model for persuasion. The planned experiments focus upon the efficacy of a particular persuasive strategy for modifying attitudes that are highly accessible from memory and, consequently, typically resistant to counterpersuasion.