ATTITUDE/BEHAVIOR PROCESSES

本申请是对高级科学家奖的申请。这个 拟议的研究有一个长期目标，即了解 态度有助于个人构建和应对他们的社会 环境。这项工作的中心是态度的功能价值 并考察了态度简化的过程， 精神健康个体的行为。一个关于态度的模型， 它们从内存中自动激活，以及它们通过哪些过程 指导判断和行为是拟议的研究的基础。模型 集中在记忆中引导判断联想的强度上 态度对象和一个人对对象的评价之间的关系。过去时 研究发现，这种联系的力量决定了 态度的可及性--这反过来又决定了 态度的力量和作用。可接受的态度是 认为通过以下方式简化个人的日常存在 允许他们轻松、快速地评估对象，而不需要 有意识地深思熟虑，从而将他们从一些 社会环境的要求和压力。多个项目 被提议作为各种理论和 过去一直从事的经验性工作。项目I中心 态度-行为过程模型在大学生心理健康领域的检验 种族态度和偏见。这些实验使用了一种新的 提供有效的、不引人注意的估计的方法 自动激活的种族态度和个人差异 衡量控制偏见反应的动机。影响 这些关于行为的自动和受控过程，以及在 情况，在提供机会的程度上有所不同 进行深思熟虑并加以控制。项目II涉及 姿态可及性对目标分类的影响 可以以多种方式考虑的人，特别是 关于这类目标的特征推论。项目III寻求 开发额外的、更广泛使用的方法工具 可以用来评估自动激活的种族态度 因此，促进了这门学科对偏见的理解。 项目四采用了理论模型和方法技术。 来说明种族态度的一些起源和后果。 其他正在进行的关于以下项目的成本和收益的研究 可获得的态度以及将这种态度非自动化的可能性 同时也总结了人们的态度。特别服务协议旨在促进(A) 执行这些多种多样的项目，(B)国际和平倡议的许多积极活动 与其他研究机构的同事合作；以及(C) PI继续参与博士学生的指导工作。

This application is a request for a Senior Scientist Award. The proposed research has the long-term objective of understanding how attitudes aid individuals in structuring and coping with their social environments. The work centers upon the functional value of attitudes and examines the processes by which attitudes serve to simplify, the behavior of mentally healthy individuals. A model concerning attitudes, their automatic activation from memory, and the processes by which they guide judgments and behavior underlies the proposed research. The model centers upon the strength of the guide judgements association in memory between the attitude object and one's evaluation of the object. Past research has found the strength of this association to determine the accessibility of the attitude from memory--which, in turn, determines the power and functionality of the attitude. Accessible attitudes are thought to simplify the ongoing day-to-day existence of individuals by permitting them to appraise objects easily and quickly without any need for conscious deliberation and, thus, relieving them from some of the demands and stresses of the social environment. A number of projects are proposed as a continuation of the various lines of theoretical and empirical work that have been pursued in the past. Project I centers on tests of the model of attitude-behavior processes in the domain of racial attitudes and prejudice. The experiments employ a novel methodology that provides a valid, unobtrusive estimate of automatically-activated racial attitudes, and an individual difference measure of motivation to control prejudiced reactions. The influence of these automatic and controlled processes on behaviors, and in situations, that vary in the degree to which they provide an opportunity for deliberation and control is examined. Project II concerns the influence of attitude accessibility on the categorization of target persons who can be thought of in multiple ways and in particular, the trait inferences that are made about such targets. Project III seeks to develop an additional, and more broadly usable, methodological tool that can be employed to assess automatically-activated racial attitudes and, hence, further the discipline's understanding of prejudice. Project IV employs the theoretical model and methodological techniques to illuminate some of the origins and consequences of racial attitudes. Additional ongoing research concerning the costs and benefits of accessible attitudes and the possibility of de-automatizing such attitudes also is summarized. The SSA is intended to facilitate (a) the execution of these many and varied projects, (b) the PI's many active collaborations with colleagues from other research institutions, and (c) the PI's continued involvement with the mentoring of Ph.D. students.