ATTITUDE/BEHAVIOR PROCESSES

这份申请是对高级科学家奖的申请。 的 拟议的研究有一个长期目标，即了解如何 态度帮助个人构建和应对他们的社会 环境. 这项工作的中心是态度的功能价值 并探讨了态度有助于简化的过程， 心理健康的人的行为。一个关于态度的模型， 它们从记忆中自动激活，以及它们 指导判断和行为的基础上提出的研究。 模型 集中于记忆中的引导判断联想的强度 态度对象和对对象的评价之间的关系。过去 研究发现，这种关联的强度决定了 从记忆中获取态度--这反过来又决定了 态度的力量和功能。合理的态度是 被认为简化了个人的日常生活， 使他们能够轻松快速地评估物体， 有意识的思考，从而使他们从一些 社会环境的要求和压力。 一些项目 被提议作为各种理论路线的延续， 这是过去一直在进行的实验性工作。 项目一中心 在测试的态度-行为过程的模型在域 种族主义和偏见。 实验采用了一种小说 一种方法，提供了一个有效的，不引人注目的估计 自动激活的种族态度，以及个体差异 控制偏见反应的动机措施。 的影响 这些自动和受控的过程对行为的影响， 在不同的情况下，它们提供了不同程度的机会， 进行审议和控制。 项目二： 态度可达性对目标分类的影响 可以用多种方式来思考的人，特别是 关于这些目标的特质推断。 项目三寻求 开发一个额外的、更广泛使用的方法工具， 可以用来评估自动激活的种族态度 从而进一步加深了学科对偏见的理解。 项目四采用了理论模型和方法技术 来阐明种族态度的起源和后果。 目前正在进行的关于下列问题的成本效益的其他研究： 无障碍的态度和非自动化的可能性， 态度也被总结。 该计划旨在促进（a） 执行这些许多不同的项目，（B）PI的许多积极的 与其他研究机构的同事合作，以及（c） PI继续参与博士生的指导，学生

This application is a request for a Senior Scientist Award. The proposed research has the long-term objective of understanding how attitudes aid individuals in structuring and coping with their social environments. The work centers upon the functional value of attitudes and examines the processes by which attitudes serve to simplify, the behavior of mentally healthy individuals. A model concerning attitudes, their automatic activation from memory, and the processes by which they guide judgments and behavior underlies the proposed research. The model centers upon the strength of the guide judgements association in memory between the attitude object and one's evaluation of the object. Past research has found the strength of this association to determine the accessibility of the attitude from memory--which, in turn, determines the power and functionality of the attitude. Accessible attitudes are thought to simplify the ongoing day-to-day existence of individuals by permitting them to appraise objects easily and quickly without any need for conscious deliberation and, thus, relieving them from some of the demands and stresses of the social environment. A number of projects are proposed as a continuation of the various lines of theoretical and empirical work that have been pursued in the past. Project I centers on tests of the model of attitude-behavior processes in the domain of racial attitudes and prejudice. The experiments employ a novel methodology that provides a valid, unobtrusive estimate of automatically-activated racial attitudes, and an individual difference measure of motivation to control prejudiced reactions. The influence of these automatic and controlled processes on behaviors, and in situations, that vary in the degree to which they provide an opportunity for deliberation and control is examined. Project II concerns the influence of attitude accessibility on the categorization of target persons who can be thought of in multiple ways and in particular, the trait inferences that are made about such targets. Project III seeks to develop an additional, and more broadly usable, methodological tool that can be employed to assess automatically-activated racial attitudes and, hence, further the discipline's understanding of prejudice. Project IV employs the theoretical model and methodological techniques to illuminate some of the origins and consequences of racial attitudes. Additional ongoing research concerning the costs and benefits of accessible attitudes and the possibility of de-automatizing such attitudes also is summarized. The SSA is intended to facilitate (a) the execution of these many and varied projects, (b) the PI's many active collaborations with colleagues from other research institutions, and (c) the PI's continued involvement with the mentoring of Ph.D. students.