Co-creating heritage: bottom-up planning for heritage management in rural areas

管理计划(MP)是评估有形文化遗产资源和相关非物质价值的默认手段，它提供了一份可定期修订的文件，描述了有关资源的战略目标、其背景及其在保护、解释和促进方面的总体状况。遗产管理计划的编制可能是一个复杂、耗时的过程，管理机构通常缺乏资源，无法对当地社区对有关遗产的看法和愿望进行深入评估。在这些紧迫的情况下，签约准备MP的专业人员往往专注于场地/景观/建筑的明显需求，浏览居住在地方层面的社会/文化价值观的复杂宇宙。因此，当地社区即使得到承认，也不太可能真正参与其中。他们的优先事项和愿景沦为包罗万象的指令，往往来自时间有限的焦点小组。这些问题在农村地区更加严重，那里的结构性问题和日常生活的困难(例如，耗时的通勤，采访者的“城市”心态)往往会直截了当地概括当地人的看法，并进一步压制妇女、儿童、不稳定的工人和移民等人被边缘化的声音。CHeriScape网络项目也强调了类似的问题，这是文化遗产联合计划编制倡议的跨国试点呼吁资助的十个项目之一，该项目将文化价值置于以人为本的背景下，将遗产作为谈判的场所进行辩论，鼓励更广泛的公众参与。CHeriScape确定了将这些想法付诸实践的丰富技术，其中大多数技术的核心是共建，往往在地方层面效果最好。在这个提案中，通过使用RES.CO.PART工具来应对‘在全球世界中本地化’的挑战，这是一个创新的移动应用程序，它的灵感也来自我们最初的AHRC项目。RES.CO.PART旨在促进社区作为利益攸关方的有效参与，具有移动应用程序的形式，充当收集与感兴趣的地点/遗址有关的人种学信息的探测器。AHRC的报告《理解艺术和文化的价值》提供了强大的动力，促使我们根据CHeriScape的授权，通过使用RES.CO.PART工具重新审视我们最初的AHRC研究结果。我们提议的项目将试图确定使文化遗产和景观与纳克索斯当地社区更相关的方法，同时试图正式确定适用于英国其他农村地区和其他地区的更广泛的方法。为此，将通过参与性和创造性活动，重新利用收集到的数据，并让主要利益攸关方和边缘利益攸关方参与，共同编制案例研究领域文化资源的管理文件。在这一过程中收集的数据还将被用来建立一个创新的、开源的、易于定制的数字工具包，使遗产专业人员和遗产管理方面的感兴趣的各方能够有效地互动，记录新兴的文化价值，并促进它们在关于遗产资源的现实决策中的适用性。我们以前由AHRC资助的项目中收集的数据将用于启动与当地利益攸关方的对话，这些利益攸关方已经在我们2006-2007年的研究和随后的该地区实地工作中确定并参与其中。他们对该计划的参与将使我们能够为该地区制定一份协作管理文件，但也将提供必要的洞察力，以参照重大计划的传统章节来制定工具包的产出。

A Management Plan (MP), the default means to assess tangible cultural heritage resources and associated intangible values, provides a periodically revisable document describing strategic goals over the resources in question, their context and their overall state in terms of conservation, interpretation and promotion. The preparation of a MP can be a complex, time-consuming process and commonly the management bodies lack the resources to develop an in-depth assessment of local communities' views and aspirations for the heritage in question. In these pressing circumstances, the professionals contracted to prepare the MP tend to focus on the obvious needs of the site/landscape/building, skimming through the complicated universe of social/cultural values that reside at the local level. Thus, local communities, even though acknowledged, are not likely to be meaningfully involved. Their priorities and visions degrade into blanket directives, frequently sourced from limited-time focus groups. These issues are aggravated in rural areas, where structural problems and difficulties of everyday life (for example, time-consuming commuting, 'urban' mentality of interviewers) tend to bluntly generalise local perceptions and further mute marginalised voices of people such as women, children, precarious workers and immigrants. Similar issues were highlighted in the CHeriScape network project, one of the ten projects funded under the transnational pilot call of the Joint Programming Initiative on Cultural Heritage, that located cultural values within a people-centred context, debating heritage as an arena for negotiation that encourages participation by a wider public. CHeriScape identified a wealth of techniques to put these ideas into practice, most of them with co-construction at their heart that tend to work best at the local level. The challenge of 'going local in a global world' is tackled in this proposal by the use of the RES.CO.PART tool, an innovative mobile application, which also draws its inspiration from our original AHRC project. RES.CO.PART is designed to promote the efficient involvement of communities as stakeholders and has the form of a mobile application, functioning as a probe for collecting ethnographic information, related to places/sites of interest. The AHRC report "Understanding the value of arts & culture" provided a strong incentive to revisit the results of our original AHRC research, in the light of the CHeriScape mandates, through the use of the RES.CO.PART tool. Our proposed project will attempt to identify ways that can make cultural heritage and landscape more relevant to the local communities of Naxos, attempting to formalise, at the same time, a broader methodology applicable in other rural areas of the UK and beyond. For this reason, a co-created management document for the cultural resources of the case-study area will be developed through participatory and creative activities, re-using collected data and involving both prominent and marginal stakeholders. The data collected in the process will also be used to build an innovative, open-source and easily customisable digital toolkit that will allow the efficient interaction of heritage professionals and interested parties in heritage management, documenting the emerging cultural values and promoting their applicability in real-life decisions on heritage resources.The case study selected for the development of the toolkit is the island of Naxos in Greece. The data collected in our previous AHRC funded project will be used to initiate the dialogue with local stakeholders that have already been identified and engaged during our 2006-7 research and subsequent fieldwork in the area. Their participation in the scheme will allow us to develop a collaborative management document for the area but also provide the necessary insight to formulate the outputs of the toolkit with reference to the traditional sections of a MP.